Alto saxophone: tlhaloso ea seletsa, sebopeho, molumo, histori, baetsi ba

Mantsiboeeng a lehlabula, ha u ntse u khahloa ke ho likela ha letsatsi, kapa leetong le lelelele ho tloha Moscow ho ea St. Petersburg, u iphumana u nahana hore molumo o monate oa lerata le oa lerato o isa menahano ea hau libakeng tseo ho tsona ho se nang matšoenyeho le bohloko ba kelello. Ke saxophone feela e utloahalang ho tloha botebong ba pelo - seletsa sa 'mino se fokotsang mahlomola, se lebisang pele, se tšepisa thabo le takatso e matla, se profeta mahlohonolo.

Overview

Saxophone e na le lelapa le pharaletseng, ke hore, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea seletsa sena sa moea, se fapaneng ka molumo le tonality. Matsatsing ana, mefuta e 6 e nkoa e le e atileng haholo:

• Sopranino ke kopi e nyenyane ea soprano e khōlō, e tšoanang ka molumo le clarinet.
• Soprano saxophone e nang le sebōpeho se kobehileng le melumo e lumellanang le lentsoe la soprano.
• Alto saxophone ke sesebelisoa sa pele se tummeng ka ho fetisisa se nang le molumo o tšoanang le oa lentsoe la motho, o bolelang ho tloha botebong ba pelo ka masoabi, thabo le tšepo.
• Tenor saxophone ke sesebelisoa sa boholo bo boholo, ka lebaka la molumo o mebala-bala oo o fumaneng botumo ho jazz.
• Baritone saxophone - e etsa litemana tsa 'mino oa virtuoso.
• Bass saxophone - e amoheloang e le setsebi sa ho lla lirekotong tse tlase, sena se fokotsa tšebeliso ea seletsa liletsa tsa 'mino.

Adolf Sachs qalong o ile a theha mefuta e leshome le metso e mene ea seletsa, empa kajeno hase kaofela ha tsona tse khabisang bophelo ba rona ka molumo o pharaletseng ka ho fetisisa oa melumo.

Sesebelisoa sa lisebelisoa

Leha e le nyane, alto saxophone e ratoa haholo ke libini tse binang lipina tsa khale le tsa jazz.

Alt e na le sebopeho se rarahaneng. Ho tsoa likarolong tse arohaneng, litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho li kopanya seletsa se etsang melumo e makatsang e tšoenyang pelo.

Pipe ka mokhoa oa khoune, e atoloha ka lehlakoreng le leng - 'mele oa saxophone o nang le mochine oa valve-lever - ho tloha hōle o shebahala joaloka tšobotsi ea motho ea tsubang esthete. Karolong e atolositsoeng, 'mele o fetela ka bell,' me karolong e moqotetsane, ka thuso ea esca, e kopantsoe le molomo oa molomo, o ikarabellang bakeng sa boleng ba molumo 'me o tšoana le sebopeho sa molomo oa clarinet. Rabara, ebonite, plexiglass kapa alloy ea tšepe e sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea eona.

Karolo ea saxophone e hlahisang molumo e bitsoa lehlaka. Ka thuso ea ligature - molaleng o monyenyane, lehlaka le khomaretsoe molomong oa molomo. Matsatsing ana, hangata karolo ena e entsoe ka thepa ea maiketsetso, empa ka nepo, lehong le lokela ho sebelisoa. Molamu o entsoe ka lehlaka ho tloha ka boroa ho Fora.

Histori ea saxophone le moetsi oa eona

Ka 2022, e tla ba lilemo tse 180 ho tloha ha setsebi sa 'mino oa Belgian Antoine-Joseph Sachs (Adolf Sax) a theha seletsa sa sehlopha sa sesole. Ha e le hantle, mefuta e 14 ea liletsa e entsoe, e fapaneng ka boholo le molumo. Alto saxophone ke eona e tsebahalang haholo lelapeng lena.

Lisebelisoa tsena tsa 'mino li ne li e-na le mathata a mangata: li ne li thibetsoe Jeremane ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke tšimoloho ea Aryan,' me li-saxophone tsa USSR li ne li nkoa e le karolo ea setso sa sera sa likhopolo, hape li thibetsoe.

Empa ha nako e ntse e ea, ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ile ea fetoha, 'me hona joale selemo se seng le se seng li-saxophonists tse tsoang lefats'eng lohle li bokana Dinant ho ea tsamaisa literateng le literateng tsa mantsiboea, tse khantšitsoeng ke lebone la torch, kahoo li lefa sethabathaba ho moetsi oa seletsa sa' mino.

Motseng oa Denau, sebaka sa tsoalo sa Sax, seemahale sa monghali e moholo se hahiloe, 'me litšoantšo tsa saxophone li ka fumanoa lireschorenteng, li-bar le li-cafes ho pota lefatše.

Alto saxophone e utloahala joang?

Ha se kamehla melumo e etsoang ke viola e lumellanang le molumo oa lintlha tse fanoeng lipalong. Sena se hlalosoa ke taba ea hore molumo oa molumo oa saxophone o kenyelletsa li-octave tse fetang tse peli 'me o arotsoe ka litlaleho. Khetho ea lirejisete tse phahameng, tse bohareng le tse tlase li laela hore ho bapaloe 'mino.

Molumo o pharaletseng oa melumo e ka holimo ea rejisetara e baka maikutlo a tsitsipano. Melumo e hoeletsang tlaase e ka utloahala feela ka sebui. Empa ho lumellana ha melumo ho hlahisa maikutlo a sa lebaleheng a pina e itseng. Hangata tsena ke litšoantšiso tsa motho a le mong tsa lipina tsa jazz. Alto saxophone ha e sebelisoe hangata lihlopheng tsa 'mino oa liletsa.

Baetsi ba tummeng

Ho na le litlholisano tse ngata tsa 'mino oa jazz bakeng sa li-saxophonists lefatšeng ka bophara. Empa e kholo e tšoaretsoe Belgium toropong ea Denau. Litsebi li e bapisa le tlhōlisano ea Tchaikovsky.

Bahlōli ba litlholisano tsena e ne e le libapali tse kang: Charlie Parker, Kenny Garrett, Jimmy Dorsey, Johnny Hodges, Eric Dolphy, David Sanborn, Anthony Braxton, Phil Woods, John Zorn, Paul Desmond. Har'a bona ke mabitso a saxophonists Serussia: Sergei Kolesov, Georgy Garanyan, Igor Butman le ba bang.

Joaloka moemeli ea khanyang oa liletsa tsa 'mino oa jazz, saxophone e tla lula e le sebakeng se ka sehloohong. O khona ho sebetsana ka katleho le mesebetsi ea khale e le karolo ea sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa' me a koahela lerata la lerato le maikutlo a baeti ba cafe. Hohle melumo ea eona e monate e tla tlisetsa batho monate o monate.