Spinet

SPINET (Italian spinetta, French epinette, Spanish espineta, German Spinett, ho tsoa ho Latin spina - moutloa, moutloa) ke seletsa se senyenyane sa lapeng se kholetsoeng ka likhoele sa lekholong la XNUMX-XNUMX la lilemo. E le molao, e ne e le komporo mme e se na maoto a eona. Mofuta oa cembalo (harpsichord).

Ka ntle, mokokotlo o batla o tšoana le piano. Ke mmele o emeng hodima didulwana tse nne. E na le sebopeho sa mashala a 3-6-trapezoidal kapa oval (ho fapana le moroetsana oa makhabane).

Karolo e ka sehloohong ea 'mele ke keyboard. Ho na le sekoahelo ka holimo, se phahamisa seo u ka bonang likhoele, lithakhisa tsa tokiso le kutu. Likarolo tsena kaofela li ka ontong. Bophahamo ba sesebelisoa bo ka fihla lisenthimithara tse mashome a robeli, 'me bophara - ha bo fete mithara le halofo.

Senotlolo se seng le se seng se lumellana le khoele e le 'ngoe. Ho fapana le mefuta e meng ea harpsichord, likhoele tsa spinet li lebisitsoe ka letsohong le letona la keyboard. The spinet e na le 1 manual, mefuta e fapaneng ke 1-2 octave.

Tšimoloho ea lebitso "spinet" (ho tsoa ho "moutloa") e ne e bontša ho ikhetha ha mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea molumo - e hlahisoa ka ho hula ("pinch") khoele e nang le ntlha e bohale ea kutu ea masiba a nonyana. The spinet e ne e behiloe karolo ea bohlano kapa octave ho feta grand vane.

Li-spinets tsa khale ka ho fetisisa li tsoa Italy 'me li qalile qalong ea lekholo la bo5 la lilemo. Har'a bona, ho na le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa sebopeho sa mahlakore a 6 kapa 1493 (e nang le keyboard ka lehlakoreng le lelelele ka ho fetisisa). Mohlala oa khale ka ho fetisisa o ntseng o le teng o entsoe ke A. Passy oa Modena (Italy), mokokotlo oa bobeli, hape oa mosebetsi oa Setaliana (XNUMX), o bolokiloe Cologne.

Lisebelisoa tsa 2 (1565 le 1593) li ka State Central Museum of Musical Culture e bitsoang ka mor'a MI Glinka Moscow.

Naheng ea Italy, li-spinets tse nang le mapheo le tsona li ile tsa qaptjoa tsa mofuta o neng o tumme haholo Engelane, oa falla bofelong ba lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo. rectangular virginal joalo ka sesebediswa se atileng haholo sa ho etsa mmino wa lapeng. Litopo tsa li-spinets li ne li entsoe ka ebony, tse khabisitsoeng ka thepa e theko e boima - lenaka la tlou, 'mè oa perela.

Mantsoe a bohlokoa a ile a behoa holim'a sekoahelo se nang le li-hinged: "Gloria in excelsis" (lat.) - "Khanya leholimong" kapa "Haec fac ut felix vivis" (lat.) - "Etsa hore u phele hamonate." Mokhabiso o ruileng o entse hore e be mokhabiso o tšoanang oa ntlo le thepa e ntle ea thepa. E ne e behiloe ka har'a mokotla oa walnut, e tlameletsoe sekoahelong ka li-screw tse tšesaane tsa koporo, 'me e e-na le sethala sa eike kapa sa mahogany.

Spinet e ne e reretsoe ho etsa 'mino oa lapeng o le mong le oa kamore. Li-spinets tse nyane, tse nang le octave e phahameng ho feta notation ea 'mino (Italian spinetti kapa ottavina), hangata li ne li etsoa ka mabokose a matsoho, libuka, joalo-joalo, tse khabisitsoeng ka ho betliloeng, ho betla le ho kenya.

Lekhotleng la Russia bophelo ka con. Lekholong la bo17 la lilemo ho ne ho e-na le li-spinets tse joalo tse bitsoang "okhtavki". Hona joale, spinet ke karolo ea musiamo ho feta seletsa sa 'mino, empa sena ha se axiom. Morao tjena, motho a ka bolela ho eketseha ha thahasello ho lisebelisoa tsa khale. Ke ka lebaka leo spinet e seng e na le tsoalo e ncha, eo ntle ho pelaelo e tla ba le phello e ntle ka ho fetisisa moetlong oa 'mino oa lefats'e.