Boris Asafyev |

Boris Asafyev

Setsebi sa Batho sa USSR (1946). Setsebi sa thuto (1943). Ka 1908 o ile a fumana mangolo Lefapheng la Histori le Philology ea Univesithi ea St. Petersburg, ka 1910 - St. Petersburg Conservatory, sehlopha sa sebopeho sa AK Lyadov. Puisano le VV Stasov, AM Gorky, IE Repin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AK Glazunov, FI Chaliapin e bile le phello e molemo ho thehoeng ha pono ea hae ea lefatše. Ho tloha ka 1910, o ile a sebetsa e le motlatsi oa Mariinsky Theater, e leng tšimoloho ea kamano ea hae e haufi ea pōpo le setsi sa 'mino sa Russia. Ka 1910-11 Asafiev o ile a ngola li-ballet tsa pele - "Mpho ea Fairy" le "White Lily". E hlaha ka linako tse ling e hatisoa. Ho tloha ka 1914 o ne a lula a hatisoa makasineng ea "Music".

Mesebetsi ea Asafiev ea saense-koranta le 'mino-ea sechaba e fumane sebaka se khethehileng ka mor'a Phetohelo e Khōlō ea Bososhiale ea October. O ile a sebelisana 'moho le litho tse' maloa tsa khatiso (Life of Art, Vechernyaya Krasnaya Gazeta, joalo-joalo), a araba lipotso tse sa tšoaneng tse tsoang ho muses. bophelo, o ile a kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa muses. t-ditch, konsarete le ho hlakola setso. mekhatlo e Petrograd. Ho tloha ka 1919, Asafiev e ne e amahanngoa le Drama ea Bolshoi. t-rum, o ngotse 'mino bakeng sa litšoantšiso tsa hae tse ngata. Ka 1919-30 o ile a sebetsa Setsing sa Histori ea Art (ho tloha ka 1920 e ne e le hlooho ea sehlopha sa histori ea 'mino). Ho tloha ka 1925, Moprofesa Leningrad. conservatory. 1920s - e 'ngoe ea linako tse behang litholoana haholo tsa mahlale. Mesebetsi ea Asafiev. Ka nako ena, ho ile ha bōptjoa tse ngata. ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. mesebetsi - "Symphonic Etudes", "Letters on Russian Opera and Ballet", "Russian Music from the Beginning of the 19th Century", "Musical Form as a Process" (karolo ea 1), lipotoloho tsa monographs le lithuto tsa tlhahlobo, tse inehetseng ho. mosebetsi oa MI Glinka, MP Mussorgsky, PI Tchaikovsky, AK Glazunov, IF Stravinsky le ba bang, ba bang ba bangata. lihlooho tse mahlonoko tse mabapi le mehleng ea kajeno. Baqapi ba Soviet le linaheng tse ling, litabeng tsa aesthetics, 'mino. thuto le lesedi. Lilemong tsa bo-30. Asafiev o file Ch. tlhokomelo ya mmino. boqapi, haholo-holo ba sebetsang ka thata tšimong ea ballet. Ka 1941-43, Leningrad e lika-likelitsoeng, Asafiev o ile a ngola potoloho e pharaletseng ea mesebetsi - "Mehopolo le Menahano" (e hatisitsoeng ka karolo e 'ngoe). Ka 1943 Asafiev o ile a fallela Moscow 'me a etella pele Ofisi ea Lipatlisiso Moscow. Conservatory, o ile a boela a etella pele Lekala la 'Mino Setsing sa Histori ea Art ho USSR Academy of Sciences. Ka 1948, ho First All-Union Congress of Composers, o ile a khethoa pele. CK USSR. Likhau tsa Stalin ka 1943 ka lilemo tse ngata tsa katleho e ikhethang lefapheng la bonono le ka 1948 bakeng sa buka ea Glinka.

Asafiev o entse tlatsetso e ikhethang makaleng a mangata a thuto le nalane ea 'mino. Ka mmino o monate. le bonono ka kakaretso. erudition, tsebo e tebileng ea botho, o ne a lula a nahana ka li-muses. liketsahalo tse mabapi le semelo se pharaletseng sa sechaba le setso, kamanong ea bona le likamano le likarolo tsohle tsa bophelo ba moea. Talenta e khanyang ea Asafiev e ile ea mo thusa ho tsosolosa maikutlo a li-muses. tlhahiso. ka mokhoa o phelang le oa tšoantšetso; Mesebetsing ea Asafiev, karolo ea lipatlisiso hangata e kopantsoe le pono e phelang ea memoirist. E 'ngoe ea likhao. lithahasello tsa saense Asafiev e ne e le Serussia. 'Mino oa khale, ho hlahloba to-ruyu Asafiev o senotse bochaba ba hae, botho, 'nete, mekhoa e phahameng ea boitšoaro. Mesebetsing e inehetseng ho 'mino oa kajeno le' mino. Heritage, Asafiev ha aa ka a sebetsa feela e le mofuputsi, empa hape e le setsebi sa sechaba. Tšobotsi ka kutloisiso ena ke sehlooho sa e 'ngoe ea mesebetsi ea Asafiev - "Ho tloha nakong e fetileng ho fihlela nakong e tlang." Asafiev o ile a bua ka matla le ka mafolofolo ho sireletsa tse ncha ka boqapi le 'mino. bophelo. Lilemong tsa pele ho phetohelo, Asafiev e ne e le (hammoho le VG Karatygin le N. Ya. Myaskovsky) e mong oa bahlahlobisisi ba pele le propagandst ea mosebetsi oa bacha ba SS Prokofiev. Lilemong tsa bo-20. Asafiev o ile a nehelana ka lingoliloeng tse 'maloa mesebetsing ea A. Berg, P. Hindemith, E. Ksheneck le ba bang. baqapi ba kantle ho naha. Bukeng ea Stravinsky, likarolo tse ling tsa setaele li senoloa ka bolotsana. mekhoa e khethollang 'mino oa mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Lingoliloeng tsa Asafiev "Koluoa ​​​​ea Boqapi ba Motho" le "Baqapi, Potlaka!" (1924) ho bile le mohoo oa hore libini li ikopanye le bophelo, li atamele momameli. Mong. Asafiev o ile a ela hloko litaba tsa 'mino o moholo. bophelo, nar. boiqapelo. Ho mehlala e metle ka ho fetisisa ea liphooko. bahlahlobisisi ba 'mino ba na le lingoliloeng tsa hae ho N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich, AI Khachaturian, V. Ya. Shebalin.

Filosofi le aesthetic. le maikutlo a theory Asafiev a bile le lets'oao. tlhaboloho. Qalong ea mosebetsi oa hae, o ne a e-na le maikutlo a utloahalang. mekhoa. Ho hahamalla kutloisiso e matla ea 'mino, ho hlola maikutlo a matla. dithuto tsa mmino. sebopeho, qalong o ne a itšetlehile ka filosofi ea A. Bergson, ho alima, haholo-holo, maikutlo a hae a "tšusumetso ea bophelo". Ka sebopeho sa 'mino-theoretical. Khopolo ea Asafiev e bile le tšusumetso e kholo ho matla. Khopolo ea E. Kurt. Boithuto ba mesebetsi ea li-classics tsa Marxism-Leninism (ho tloha halofo ea 2 ea lilemo tsa bo-20) bo amohetse Asafiev mabapi le lerato la lintho tse bonahalang. maemo. Sephetho sa lipatlisiso tsa Asafiev e ne e le ho thehoa ha khopolo ea "intonation", eo eena ka boeena a neng a e nka e le khopolo-taba e thusang ho fumana "senotlolo sa mabaka a utloahalang a bonono ba 'mino e le pontšo ea sebele ea' nete." Ha a hlalosa 'mino e le "tsebo ea moelelo oa lentsoe", Asafiev o ne a nka "intonation" e le eona ntho e ka sehloohong. mofuta wa “ponahatso ya monahano” mminong. Khopolo ea symphonism e le mokhoa oa bonono, e hlahisitsoeng ke Asafiev, e fumane moelelo oa bohlokoa oa thuto. kakaretso ya mmino e thehilweng hodima matla. temoho ea 'nete kholong ea eona, khohlano le ntoa ea metheo e hananang. Asafiev e ne e le mohlahlami le mohlahlami oa baemeli ba hlaheletseng ba Serussia. menahano ea khale ka 'mino - VF Odoevsky, AN Serov, VV Stasov. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ts'ebetso ea hae e tšoaea mohato o mocha ho nts'etsopele ea muses. mahlale. A. – mothehi oa liphooko. thuto ya mmino. Maikutlo a hae a hlahisoa ka katleho mesebetsing ea Masoviet, hammoho le tse ling tse ngata. litsebi tsa mmino tsa kantle ho naha.

Mosebetsi oa ho qapa oa Asafiev o kenyelletsa li-ballet tse 28, li-operas tse 11, li-symphonies tse 4, liletsa tse ngata tsa lerato le liletsa tsa kamore. tlhahiso, 'mino ho litšoantšiso tse ngata tse tsotehang. O ile a phetha le ho sebelisa opera Khovanshchina ka MP Mussorgsky ho ea ka libuka tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho tsa mongoli, 'me a etsa khatiso e ncha. Opera ea Serov "Lebotho la Lira"

Monehelo oa bohlokoa o entsoe ke Asafiev ho nts'etsopele ea ballet. Ka mosebetsi oa hae, o ile a atolosa moetlo. selikalikoe sa litšoantšo tsa mofuta ona. O ile a ngola li-ballet tse thehiloeng mererong ea AS Pushkin - The Fountain of Bakhchisarai (1934, Leningrad Opera le Ballet Theater), Motšoaruoa oa Caucasus (1938, Leningrad, Maly Opera Theater), The Young Lady-Peasant Woman ( 1946, Big tr.), joalo-joalo; NV Gogol - Bosiu Pele ho Keresemese (1938, Leningrad Opera le Ballet Theater); M. Yu. Lermontov - "Ashik-Kerib" (1940, Leningrad. Small Opera House); M. Gorky - "Radda le Loiko" (1938, Moscow, serapeng sa boikhathollo se bohareng sa setso le boikhathollo); O. Balzac - "Lost Illusions" (1935, Leningrad Opera le Ballet Theater); Dante - "Francesca da Rimini" (1947, Moscow Musical Tr e reheletsoeng ka KS Stanislavsky le VI Nemirovich-Danchenko). Mosebetsing oa ballet oa Asafiev, mohale oa Ntoa ea Lehae - "Matsatsi a Partisan" (1937, Leningrad Opera le Ballet Theater) e ile ea bonahala 'me ea lokolloa. ntoa ea batho khahlanong le fascism - "Militsa" (1947, ibid.). Liballet tse 'maloa, Asafiev o ne a batla ho nchafatsa "sepakapaka sa "intonation" sa mehleng eo. Ho ballet ea The Flames of Paris (1932, ibid.), Asafiev o ile a sebelisa meloli ea mehleng ea Phetohelo ea Mafora ’me a sebetsa ke baqapi ba mehleng eo ’me “o ile a sebetsa mosebetsing ona eseng feela joaloka sengoli sa litšoantšiso, moqapi, empa hape e le setsebi sa ’mino. , rahistori le rafilosofi, hape e le mongoli, ntle le ho qoba mekhoa ea pale ea morao-rao ea histori. Mokhoa o tšoanang o ile oa sebelisoa ke Asafiev ha a theha opera The Treasurer e thehiloeng morerong oa M. Yu. Lermontov (1937, Leningrad Pakhomov Sailors Club) le ba bang. ka repertoire ea limmapa tsa Soviet Union. t-ditch

Liqapi: No. mesebetsi, vols. IV, M., 1952-1957 (ka vol. V ho fanoa ka bukana e qaqileng le notography); Fav. lihlooho tse buang ka tsebo ea ’mino le thuto, M.-L., 1965; Lingoliloeng le litlhaloso tsa bohlokoa, M.-L., 1967; Oresteia. Mmino. trilogy S. LE. Taneeva, M., 1916; Romance S. LE. Taneeva, M., 1916; Concert Guide, vol. I. Bukana e hlalosang mantsoe a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa a 'mino le botekgeniki. mabitso, P., 1919; Nakong e Fetileng ea 'Mino oa Russia. Materials and Research, vol. 1. AP LE. Tchaikovsky, P., 1920 (ed.); lithothokiso tsa Serussia ’minong oa Serussia, P., 1921; Chaikovsky. Boiphihlelo ba sebopeho, P., 1921; Scriabin Boiphihlelo ba sebopeho, P., 1921; Dante le 'Mino, ka: Dante Alighieri. 1321-1921, P., 1921; Lithuto tsa Symphonic, P., 1922, 1970; P. LE. Chaikovsky. Bophelo le mosebetsi oa hae, P., 1922; Mangolo a mabapi le Opera ea Russia le Ballet, Petrograd Beke le beke. state acad. liholo tsa boithabiso”, 1922, No 3-7, 9, 10, 12, 13; Chopin. Boiphihlelo ba sebopeho, M., 1923; Mussorgsky. Boiphihlelo ba sebopeho, M., 1923; Overture "Ruslan le Lyudmila" ka Glinka, "Musical Chronicle", Sat. 2, P., 1923; Khopolo ea ts'ebetso ea 'mino-histori, e le motheo oa tsebo ea' mino-histori, ho Sat: Mesebetsi le mekhoa ea ho ithuta bonono, P., 1924; Glazunov. Boiphihlelo ba sebopeho, L., 1924; Myaskovsky e le setsebi sa symphonist, 'Mino oa Kajeno, M., 1924, No 3; Chaikovsky. Memoirs and letters, P., 1924 (ed.); Contemporary Russian Musicology and its Historical Tasks, De Musisa, vol. 1, L., 1925; Glinka's Waltz-Fantasy, Musical Chronicle, No 3, L., 1926; Lipotso tsa 'mino sekolong. dutse. lingoliloeng ed. LE. Glebova, L., 1926; Symphonism e le bothata ba 'mino oa sejoale-joale, bukeng: P. Becker, Symphony ho tloha Beethoven ho ea Mahler, trans. ed. LE. Glebova, L., 1926; 'Mino oa Sefora le baemeli ba ona ba sejoale-joale, ka pokello: "Tšeletseng" (Milo. Onegger. Arik. Poulenc. Durey. Taifer), L., 1926; Kshenec le Berg e le baqapi ba opera, "Mmino oa Kajeno", 1926, No. 17-18; A. Casella, L., 1927; TS'OA. Prokofiev, L., 1927; Mesebetsing ea morao-rao ea thuto ea kahisano ea 'mino, bukeng: Moser G. I., 'Mino oa toropo ea mehleng ea khale, trans. le Sejeremane, tlas'a taelo. LE. Glebova, L., 1927; 'Mino oa symphonic oa Russia ka lilemo tse 10, "'Mino le Phetohelo", 1927, No 11; Mmino wa ka lapeng ka mora Mphalane, ka Sat: Mmino o motjha, no. 1 (V), L., 1927; Thutong ea 'mino oa Serussia oa lekholong la XVIII la lilemo. le li-opera tse peli tsa Bortnyansky, ka pokello: 'Mino le bophelo ba' mino ba Russia ea khale, L., 1927; Memo ka Kozlovsky, ibid.; Ho tsosolosoa ha "Boris Godunov" ka Mussorgsky, L., 1928; Buka e buang ka Stravinsky, L., 1929; EMPA. G. Rubinstein mosebetsing oa hae oa 'mino le litlhaloso tsa batho ba mehleng ea hae, M., 1929; lerato la Serussia. Boiphihlelo ba tlhahlobo ea mantsoe. dutse. lingoliloeng ed. B. AT. Asafiev, M.-L., 1930; Kenyelletso ea Thuto ea Dramaturgy ea Mussorgsky, ho: Mussorgsky, karolo ea XNUMX. 1. "Boris Godunov". Lingoloa le thepa, M., 1930; Mofuta oa 'mino e le mokhoa, M., 1930, L., 1963; TSA. Nef. Histori ea Europe Bophirimela. 'mino, o ntlafalitsoeng le ho tlatselletsoa trans. ka franc. B. AT. Asafiev, L., 1930; M., 1938; ’Mino oa Serussia ho tloha qalong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, M.-L., 1930, 1968; Maikutlo a 'mino le a botle ba Mussorgsky, ho: M. AP Mussorgsky. Ho fihlela sehopotsong sa bo50 sa lefu la hae. 1881-1931, Moscow, 1932. Mosebetsing oa Shostakovich le opera ea hae "Lady Macbeth", pokellong: "Lady Macbeth oa Setereke sa Mtsensk", L., 1934; Tsela ea ka, "SM", 1934, No 8; Ho hopola P. LE. Tchaikovsky, M.-L., 1940; Ho tloha nakong e fetileng ho isa nakong e tlang, letoto la lihlooho, pokellong: "SM", No 1, M., 1943; Eugene Onegin. Litšoantšo tsa lipina P. LE. Tchaikovsky. Boiphihlelo ba tlhahlobo ea mantsoe a setaele le 'mino. dramaturgy, M.-L., 1944; N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, M.-L., 1944; Symphony ea borobeli D. Shostakovich, ka sb.: Philharmonic ea Moscow, Moscow, 1945; Moqapi oa 1st pol. Lekholong la boXNUMX la lilemo, che. 1, M., 1945 (letotong la “’mino oa classic oa Russia”); TSOA. AT. Rachmaninov, M., 1945; Mofuta oa 'mino e le mokhoa, buka. 2nd, Intonation, M., 1947, L., 1963 (hammoho le karolo ea 1); Glinka, M., 1947; Enchantress. Opera P. LE. Tchaikovsky, M., 1947; Litsela tsa nts'etsopele ea 'mino oa Soviet, ka: Litlhahlobo tse mabapi le popo ea 'mino oa Soviet, M.-L., 1947; Opera, ibid.; Symphony, ibid.; Grieg, M., 1948; Ho tsoa lipuisanong tsa ka le Glazunov, Yearbook of the Institute of Art History, Moscow, 1948; Rumor ea Glinka, pokellong: M.

References: Lunacharsky A., E 'ngoe ea liphetoho historing ea bonono, "Bulletin of the Communist Academy", 1926, buka. XV; Bogdanov-Berezovsky V., BV Asafiev. Leningrad, 1937; Zhitomirsky D., Igor Glebov e le moqolotsi oa litaba, "SM", 1940, No 12; Shostakovich D., Boris Asafiev, "Literature le Art", 1943, September 18; Ossovsky A., BV Asafiev, "Mmino oa Soviet", Sat. 4, M., 1945; Khubov G., Sebini, setsebi sa kelello, setsebi sa litaba, ibid.; Bernandt G., Sehopotsong sa Asafiev, "SM", 1949, No 2; Livanova T., BV Asafiev le Serussia Glinkiana, ka pokello: MI Glinka, M.-L., 1950; Ho hopola BV Asafiev, Sat. lihlooho, M., 1951; Mazel L., Ka khopolo ea 'mino-theoretical ea Asafiev, "SM", 1957, No 3; Kornienko V., Ho theha le ho iphetola ha maikutlo a botle ba BV Asafiev, "Scientific-Methodical. Lintlha tsa Novosibirsk Conservatory, 1958; Orlova E., BV Asafiev. Tsela ea mofuputsi le moqolotsi oa litaba, L., 1964; Iranek A., Mathata a mang a ka sehloohong a thuto ea 'mino oa Marxist ho latela khopolo ea Asafiev ea lentsoe la lentsoe, ho Sat: Intonation le setšoantšo sa' mino, M., 1965; Fydorov V., VV Asafev et la musicologie russe avant et apris 1917, in: Bericht über den siebenten Internationalen musikwissenschaftlichen Kongress Keln 1958, Kassel, 1959; Jiranek Y., Peispevek k teorii a praxi intonaeni analyzy, Praha, 1965.

Yu.V. Keldysh