Mmino wa bana |

'Mino oa bana ke 'mino o reretsoeng ho utluoa kapa ho etsoa ke bana. Mehlala ea eona e ntle ka ho fetisisa e khetholloa ka ho hlaka, thothokiso e phelang. diteng, ditshwantsho, bonolo le ho hlaka ha sebopeho. Liletsa tsa liletsa D. m. e khetholloa ka mananeo, likarolo tsa tšoantšetso, onomatopoeia, motjeko, ho macha le bonolo ba 'mino. libopeho, ho itšetleha ka setso. Bohareng ba 'mino oa prod. bakeng sa bana ho na le hangata nar. litšōmo, litšoantšo tsa tlhaho, litšoantšo tsa lefatše la liphoofolo. Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea D. m. – dipina, dikhwaere, instr. lipapali, orc. tlhahiso, meqoqo ea sethala sa mmino. Lihlahisoa tse reretsoeng ho etsoa ke bana li lumellana le bokhoni ba bona ba ts'ebetso. Wok. tlhahiso. mofuta oa lentsoe, likarolo tsa sebopeho sa molumo le diction, chorus e hlokomeloa. lokisetsa, instr. lipapali - tekanyo ea theknoloji. mathata. Sedikadikwe sa mmino. lihlahisoa tse fihlellehang ponong ea bana li pharalletse ho feta sebaka sa D. m. Ho bamameli ba bana, haholo-holo ba baholo, ba bangata ba tumme. tlhahiso. MI Glinka, PI Tchaikovsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Chopin le li-classics tse ling, prod. liphooko. baqapi.

Lipina, metlae, metjeko, lipuo tsa maleme, lipale, joalo-joalo hangata e ne e le motheo oa moprofesa. D. m. E ntse e le Dr. Greece e ne e tsejoa ke Nar. pina ea bana, haholo-holo lipina tsa thoriso li ne li tloaelehile. Mehloli ea histori e bontša hore lipina tse ’maloa tsa bana li ile tsa qaptjoa ka Segerike. sebini le moqapi Pindar (522-442 BC). Dr. Sparta, Thebes, Athene, bana ho tloha bonyenyaneng ba ne ba rutoa ho letsa liletsa, ho bina libini.

Ka Laboraro. lekholong la lilemo la Europe, D. m. e ne e amahanngoa le mosebetsi oa li-shpilman (libini tse sollang tsa setso). Lipina tsa khale tsa bana ba Majeremane "Linonyana kaofela li ile tsa tla ho rona", "Uena, phokojoe, u ile ua hula likhantsi", "Nonyana e ile ea fofa", "Parsley ke joang bo hlollang" li bolokiloe. Motheo oa ho tšoenyeha oa Europe. lipina tsa bana - tse kholo le tse nyane, ka linako tse ling - sekala sa pentatonic (pina ea bana ea Jeremane "Flashlight, Flashlight"). Ch. likarolo tsa mmino. puo: kutloano. mofuta oa lipina tsa thoriso, li-quartic overbeats, ho tšoana ha sebopeho (couplet). Gor. lipina tsa bana ba seterateng ( der Kurrenden ) Mehleng e Bohareng. Jeremane e ne e tumme ka lipina tsa pele. lihlopha (die Kurrende) - libini tse tsamaeang tsa libini tsa liithuti tse neng li bapala seterateng ka chelete e nyenyane. Rus. lipina tsa khale tsa bana tse neng li tloaelehile har'a batho, tse hatisitsoeng ka Sat. nar. lipina tsa lekholong la bo18 la lilemo VF Trutovsky, I. Prach. Tse ling tsa lipina tsena li pholohile ho fihlela mehleng ea rona ("Bunny, uena, bunny", "Jump-jump", "Bunny o tsamaea serapeng", joalo-joalo). Pōpo ea lingoliloeng tsa 'mino oa pedagogical bakeng sa bana e ile ea ela hloko baqapi ba khale ba 18th - pele. Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo: JS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven. "Children's Symphony" ea Haydn (1794) e na le sebaka se khethehileng. Mokatong oa pele. Lekholong la bo1 la lilemo, ka ho matlafatsoa ha molao-motheo o khomaretseng bolumeli khōlisong ea bana, D. m. e ile ea fumana tšekamelo e tsebahalang.

Mokatong oa bobeli. Lekholong la bo2 la lilemo palo e batlang e le ngata haholo ea moprofesa. tlhahiso. D. m.: Sat. MA Mamontova “Lipina tsa Bana tsa melodi ea Serussia le e Nyenyane ea Serussia” (litokisetso tsa lipina tsa bana tse entsoeng ke PI Tchaikovsky, khatiso ea 19, 1), fp. likotoana tsa ho qala piano. Likarolo tse ntle ka ho fetisisa ho tsena li kene ka tieo tloaelong ea ho ithuta ho bapala piano, mohlala. Tchaikovsky's "Children's Album" (op. 1872, 39) ke mofuta oa pianoforte. suite, moo ka mefuta e fapaneng ya dikotoana tse nyane nar. semelo, bana ba lula ba abeloa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea bonono le ea ho etsa. Ho ba sieo ha melodic, harmonic, mathata a mongolo ho etsa sehlahisoa sena. e fihlellehang ho baetsi ba bacha. Ho tšoana ho ea ka mesebetsi le mekhoa ea tharollo ea bona ke pokello ea fp. e bapalla bana ka AS Arensky, SM Maykapar, VI Rebikov.

Ka con. Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo li-operas tsa pele tsa bana li ngotsoe: "Katse, Pōli le Linku" le "The Musicians" ke Bryansky (1888, e thehiloeng litemaneng tsa litšōmo tsa IA Krylov); "Pōli ea Dereza" (1888), "Pan Kotsky" (1891) le "Mariha le Selemo, kapa Botle ba Lehloa" (1892) Lysenko. Muses. puo ea li-opera tsena e bonolo, e tletse ka lipuo tsa Serussia. le lipina tsa Seukraine. Lipapali tsa bana tse tummeng ka Ts. A. Cui - The Snow Hero (1906), Little Red Riding Hood (1911), Puss in Boots (1912), Ivan the Fool (1913); AT Grechaninova - "Yolochkin Dream" (1911), "Teremok" (1921), "Cat, Rooster le Fox" (1924); BV Asafiev - "Cinderella" (1906), "Mofumahali oa Lehloa" (1907, e entsoeng ka 1910); VI Rebikova - "Yolka" (1900), "Tale ea Khosatsana le Morena oa Frog" (1908). Lefatše la bongoaneng le bocha le bonahala ka lipina tsa bana tsa Tchaikovsky ("Lipina tse 16 tsa Bana" ho litemana tsa AN Pleshcheev le liroki tse ling, op. 54, 1883), Cui ("Litšoantšo tsa 'Mino tse Leshome le Meraro" bakeng sa ho bina, op. 15 ), Arensky ("Lipina tsa Bana", op. 59), Rebikov ("Lefatše la Bana", "Lipina tsa Sekolo"), Grechaninov ("Ai, Doo-Doo", op. 31, 1903; "Rabka Hen", op. 85 , 1919), joalo-joalo.

Har'a lihlahisoa tsa Western Europe D. m .: "Children's Scenes" (1838), "Album for Youth" ka R. Schumann (1848) - potoloho ea op. li-thumbnails, sebaka ho latela molao-motheo ho tloha ho bonolo ho isa ho o rarahaneng; "Lipina tsa Folk tsa Bana" ka Brahms (1887), sehlopha sa J. Wiese "Lipapali tsa Bana" (1871) - likotoana tse 12 tsa piano. ka matsoho a 4 (likotoana tse hlano tsa potoloho ena, tse hlophisitsoeng ke mongoli, li entse sehlopha sa lebitso le tšoanang bakeng sa sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa tsa symphony). Lipotoloho tse tsebahalang tsa tlhahiso. bakeng sa piano: “Children’s Corner” ea Debussy (1906-08), “Mother Goose” ea Ravel (1908) (sutu ea piano ka matsoho a 4; e hlophisitsoeng ka 1912). B. Bartok o ile a ngolla bana (“To the Little Slovak”, 1905, cycle of 5 melodies for voice and piano; in 1908-09, 4 notebook of teaching repertoire for piano “For Children”); litšoantšisong tsa hae, haholo-holo tsa batho. Sebopeho, lipina tsa lipina tsa Slovak le Sehungary li sebelisoa, ho latela litaba tsena ke mofuta oa fp. litšoantšo tse tsoelang pele moetlo oa DM Schumann le Tchaikovsky. Ka 1926-37 Bartók o ile a ngola letoto la likotoana tse 153 (libuka tse 6) bakeng sa piano. "Microcosm". Likotoana, tse hlophisitsoeng ka tatellano ea ho rarahana butle-butle, li hlahisa sebapali sa piano se senyenyane lefatšeng la 'mino oa sejoale-joale. Lipina tsa bana li ngotsoe ke: X. Eisler (“Lipina tse Tšeletseng tsa Bana ho ea ho mantsoe a B. Brecht”, op. 53; “Lipina tsa Bana” ho ea ho mantsoe a Brecht, op. 105), Z. Kodaly (lipina tse ngata le libini tsa bana tse thehiloeng ho 'mino oa setso oa Hungarian). D. m. e etsa komporo e ngata. B. Britten. O entse pokello ea lipina tsa sekolo "Labohlano Thapama" (leqephe la 7, 1934). Lipina tse tsoang pokellong ena li tumme har'a Senyesemane. bana ba sekolo. Bakeng sa isp. bana, ba tsamaea le harepa, ba ile ba ngola potoloho ea "Ritual Christmas Songs" (leq. 28, 1942, e thehiloeng litemaneng tsa lithothokiso tsa khale tsa Senyesemane). Lipina tse ntle ka ho fetisisa ke "Frosty Winter", "Oh, moratuoa oa ka" (lullaby), canon "This Baby". Britten's Guide to the Orchestra (leq. 34, 1946, bakeng sa bacha) e ile ea tuma - mofuta oa mosebetsi o tloaetsang momameli le oa sejoale-joale. letsoao. okhestra. K. Orff e thehile potoloho e kholo ea lihlahisoa. "'Mino oa bana"; ka 1950-54 potoloho e ile ea phethoa ka kopanelo. le G. Ketman mme a amohela lebitso. "Schulwerk" ("Schulwerk. Musik für Kinder") - lipina, instr. lipapali le morethetho oa melodic. lithupelo bakeng sa bana ml. lilemo. Tlatsetso ho "Schulwerk" - pokello ea "Mino bakeng sa Bacha" ("Jugendmusik") - e sebetsang. motheo wa mmino o kopanetsweng. kholiso (litemana tse nkiloeng pokellong ea FM Böhme “Pina ea Bana ba Jeremane le Papali ea Bana” – Fr. M. Böhme, “Deutsches Kinderlied und Kinderspiel”).

Buka ea Hindemith Re Haha Motse (1930), e leng opera ea bana, e ile ea ata. 'Minong oa bana papali ea Britten "The Little Chimney Sweep, or Let's Beat on Opera" (op. 45, 1949) likarolo tse 12: Bana ba 6 (bana ba lilemo tse 8 ho isa ho tse 14) le palo e tšoanang bakeng sa batho ba baholo. Holo e ameha ketsong: bashebelli ba banyenyane ba itlhakisa le ho bina lipina tse khethehileng. “Pina bakeng sa setjhaba”. Sebopeho sa sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa - likhoele. quartet, percussion le piano. matsohong a 4. E 'ngoe e tsebahalang ke opera ea bana ba Britten's Noah's Areka (op. 59, 1958), e thehiloeng papaling ea khale ea sephiri. Sehlopheng se seholo sa okhestra sa bana (batšoantšisi ba 70) bakeng sa moprofesa. libini li ngotse liphathi tse 9 feela. Tse ling tsa lipapali li etselitsoe bana ba qalang ho bapala. Sebopeho sa batšoantšisi ha sea tloaeleha (sehlopheng sa okhestra - okhestra, piano, meletsa, likhoele, lekolilo, lenaka le litloloko tsa letsoho; sethaleng - sehlopha sa libini tse buang, libini le mantsoe a bana ba 50 ba binang mantsoe a fapaneng).

Sov. moqapi o ntlafalitsoeng ke D. m., e atolositse menyetla ea eona ea mofuta le mokhoa oa ho itlhalosa. Ho phaella ho wok. le fp. li-miniatures, li-operas, ballets, cantatas, li-symphonies tse kholo li etselitsoe bana. tlhahiso, likonsarete. Mofuta oa liphooko o se o atile. pina ea bana, e qapiloeng ke baqapi ba sebelisana le liroki (S. Ya Marshack, S. AT. Mikhalkov A. L. Barto, O. LE. Vysotskaya, W. LE. Lebedev-Kumach le ba bang). Mong. liphooko. baqapi ba nehela mosebetsi oa bona ho D. m. E tsebahala haholo, mohlala, fp. lipapali tsa bana М. Maykapara "Spikers" (op. 28, 1926) le Sat. "Mehato ea Pele" (leq. 29, 1928) bakeng sa fp. matsohong a 4. Lihlahisoa tsena li khetholloa ka mohau le pepeneneng ea sebopeho, bocha le tšimoloho ea li-muses. puo, tshebediso e poteletseng ya dithekeniki tsa polyphony. Tse tummeng arr. Nar melodies G. G. Lobacheva: Sat. Lipina tse Hlano tsa Bana ba Kena Sekolo (1928), Lipina Tse Hlano Tsa Bana (1927); li khetholloa ka bohlale ba ho tsamaisana, likarolo tsa onomatopoeia, intonation. ho hlaka le laconism ea lipina tsa thoriso. Ea bohlokoa haholo ke lefa la boqapi la M. LE. Krasev. Ba ngotse hantle. Lipina tse 60 tsa bo-pula-maliboho, li-opera tse 'maloa tse nyane tse thehiloeng ho Nar. litšōmo, litšōmo K. LE. Chukovsky le S. Ke Marshak. 'Mino oa li-opera ke litšoantšo, mebala-bala, haufi le batho. splint, e fumanehang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea bana. Pōpo M. R. Rauchverger e lebisitsoe haholo-holo ho bana ba kenang sekolo. Molemo ka ho fetisisa sehlahisoa moqapi e tšoauoa ka mehleng ea kajeno ea 'mino. medumo, maikutlo a melodi. meferefere, bohale ba kutloano. Potoloho ea lipina "Letsatsi" litemaneng tsa A. L. Barto (1928), lipina "Red Poppies", "Holiday Mariha", "Appassionata", "We are Merry Guys", potoloho ea mantsoe "Lipalesa", joalo-joalo. Tlatsetso e kholo ho D. m. e kene komporong A. N. Aleksandrov, R. G. Boyko, I. MOTLATSI. Dunayevsky A. Ya Lepin, Z. A. Levin, M. A. Mirzoev, S. Rustamov, M. L. Starokadomsky, A. D. Filippenko. Lipina tse ngata tse tummeng tsa bana li entsoe ke T. A. Popatenko le V. AP Gerchik, E. N. Tilicheeva. E 'ngoe ea mefuta e ratoang ke bamameli ba bana ke pina ea metlae ("About Petya" ea Kabalevsky, "Ho fapana le hoo" ea Filippenko, "Boy and Ice" ka Rustamov, "Bear Tooth", "City of Lima" ea Boyko, "Setšoantšiso sa Zoo" ke Zharkovsky, joalo-joalo) . Mminong D. B. Kabalevsky, e lebisitsoeng ho bana, e bonahatsa tsebo e tebileng ea moqapi oa lefats'e la maikutlo, mehopolo, maikutlo a kajeno. moloko o monyane. Joaloka sengoli sa lipina tsa bana, Kabalevsky o khetholloa ke melodic. leruo, mehleng ea kajeno, puo, bonono. bonolo, haufi le melumo ya sejoalejoale. ice folklore (coll ea bana ba hae ba pele. – “Lipina tse robeli tsa k’hoaere ea bana le piano”, op. 17, 1935). Kabalevsky ke e mong oa bathehi ba mofuta oa lipina tsa bana. lipina ("Pina ea mollo", "Naha ea rona", "Lilemo tsa Sekolo"). O ngotse libuka tse 3 tsa thuto. fp. likotoana tse hlophisitsoeng ka tatellano ea bothata bo ntseng bo eketseha (Lipapali tsa Bana ba Mashome a Mararo, op. 27, 1937-38). Tlhahiso ea hae. e khethollang ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng. leruo, haufi le mefuta e mengata ea ho etsa 'mino - lipina, metjeko, mekoloko. Bonono bo ikhethang. na le melemo. bakeng sa bana S. C. "Prokofiev" Mekhoa ea khale e kopantsoe ho tsona le bocha le bocha ba li-muses. puo, tlhaloso e ncha ea mefuta. Fp. Litšoantšiso tsa Prokofiev "Mmino oa Bana" (o hlophisitsoeng ka mokhoa o itseng ke sengoli mme o kopantsoe le sehlopha sa "Letsatsi la Lehlabula") o tšoauoa ka ho hlaka ha nehelano, e bua. bonolo ba mmino. lintho tse bonahalang, sebopeho pepeneneng. E 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa D. m. - symphonic. Pale ea Prokofiev "Peter le Wolf" (1936, ka mongolo oa hae), ho kopanya 'mino le ho bala. Litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa eona li khetholloa ka litšoantšo. bahale (Petya, Letata, Birdie, Ntate-moholo, Phiri, Batsomi), ba tsebisa bacha ba mamelang orc. mapolanka. Sekeche sa lipina "Chatterbox" se thehiloeng litemaneng tsa Barto (1939), sehlopha sa "Winter Bonfire" - bakeng sa babali, k'hoaere ea bashanyana le lisymphonies li tumme. okhestra (1949). Bakeng sa libapali tse nyane tse ngotsoeng 2nd fp. konsarete d. D. Shostakovich, Kabalevsky's triad of youth concerts (bakeng sa piano, violin, cello le orchestra), piano ea 3rd. konsarete A. M. Balanchivadze, fp. konsarete ea Y. A. Levitin. Likarolo tsa lihlahisoa tsena kaofela. - ho itšetleha ka likarolo tsa lipina, ts'ebetsong ea setaele 'mino. likarolo tsa 'mino oa bana le bacha.

Ka 50-60s. ho ile ha thehoa mofuta oa cantata ea bana, o hlalosang li-muses tsa laconic. e bolela lithahasello tse fapaneng, maikutlo le mehopolo ea sejoale-joale. bana le bacha. Tsena ke: "Pina ea Hoseng, Selemo le Khotso" (1958), "Naheng ea Native" (1966) Kabalevsky, "Bana ba haufi le bo-ntat'a bona" ​​(1965), "Red Square" (1967) Chichkov, "Lenin". ka lipelong tsa rōna” (1957), “Red Pathfinders” (1962) Pakhmutova, “Pula-maliboho, itokise!” Zulfugarov (1961).

'Mino o nka sebaka se seholo lifiliming tsa bana: Tsar Durandai (1934) le Little Red Riding Hood (1937) ke Alexandrov; Cinderella ka Spadavecchia (1940); "Bana ba Captain Grant" (1936) le "Beethoven Concerto" (1937) ke Dunayevsky; "Red Tie" (1950) le "Hello, Moscow!" (1951) Lepin; "Aibolit-66" ka B. Tchaikovsky (1966). Ho utloahala 'mino o mongata litšoantšong tsa bana. lifilimi: "The Bremen Town Musicians" comp. GI Gladkova (1968), "Crocodile Gena" comp. MP Ziva (1969). Har'a mehlala e metle ea bana ba estr. mmino wa eccentric. lipina tse nang le morero o tsoetseng pele: "Lipina Tse Supileng Tse Thabisang" ka Kabalevsky, "Tlou e Tsamaea ka Moscow" ka Penkov, "Petya e Tšaba Lefifi" ea Sirotkin, joalo-joalo. Hangata li etsoa ke libini tsa batho ba baholo ka pel'a bamameli ba bana. . Bonngoe bo kenya letsoho ntlafatsong ea opera le ballet ea bana. lefatsheng la mmino wa bana. theatre, e kholo ea Moscow ka 1965 mme e etelletsoe pele ke NI Sats. Lipapali tsa bana "The Wolf le Bana ba Supileng" ka Koval (1939), "Masha le Bear" (1940), "Teremok" (1941), "Toptygin le Fox" (1943), "Khosatsana ea Unsmeyana" ( 1947), "Morozko" (1950) Krasev, "Banna ba Bararo ba Mafura" Rubin (1956), "Tulku le Alabash" Mamedov (1959), "Pina ea Merung" Boyko (1961), "Snow White and the Supa Dwarfs" (1963) Kolmanovsky, "Moshanyana Giant" Khrennikov (1968); ballets bakeng sa bana ba The Three Fat Men ka Oransky (1935), Klebanov's The Stork (1937), The Tale of the Pope le Mosebetsi oa Hae Balda (1939), Chemberdzhi's Dream Dremovich (1943), Morozov's Doctor Aibolit (1947), The Little Humpbacked Horse by Shchedrin (1955), Tsintsadze's Treasure of the Blue Mountain (1956), Pinocchio (1955) and Golden Key (1962) by Weinberg, Zeidman's Golden Key (1957); opera-ballet The Snow Queen ka Rauchverger (1965), joalo-joalo.

Lilemong tsa bo-60. li-operetta tsa bana li ngotsoe: "Barankin, e be monna" ke Tulikov (1965), "Zavalyayka Station" ke Boyko (1968).

Nts'etsopele ea 'mino. boqapi bakeng sa bana bo amana haufi-ufi le kholo ea setso sa bana, tsamaiso ea muses. thuto le kgodiso ya bana (sheba Thuto ya Mmino, Thuto ya Mmino). Khokahano e pharaletseng ea li-muses tsa bana e thehiloe USSR. likolo, ho kenyeletsoa likolo tsa lilemo tse supileng le likolo tsa lilemo tse leshome (likolo tse fetang 2000 tsa 'mino tsa bana). Ho ile ha hlaha mekhoa e mecha ea litloaelo tsa bana (litšoantšo tsa bana tse sa tloaelehang Matlong a Bo-pula-maliboho, litudiong tsa libini, joalo-joalo). Prod. bakeng sa bana li etsoa seea-le-moeeng le thelevishene, ka conc. sethaleng, liholong tsa boithabiso tsa bana, ho moprofesa. khwaere. uch. mekhatlo (Sekolo sa 'Muso sa 'mino oa Moscow, Sekolo sa Bana sa Choral se Leningrad Academy Chorus Chapel). Tlas'a Komiti ea USSR ea USSR ho na le karolo ea D. m., e tlatsetsang ho propaganda le nts'etsopele ea eona.

Litaba tse amanang le D. m. li bonahala likopanong tsa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Thuto ea 'Mino (ISME) ho UNESCO. Seboka sa ISME (Moscow, 1970) se bontšitse thahasello e kholo ea sechaba sa lefats'e sa 'mino ka katleho ea Masoviet. D. m.

References: Asafiev B., 'mino oa Serussia ka bana le bakeng sa bana, "SM", 1948, No 6; Shatskaya V., 'Mino sekolong, M., 1950; Ratskaya Ts. S., Mikhail Krasev, M., 1962; Andrievska NK, Bana ba opera MV Lisenka, Kiev, 1962; Rzyankina TA, Baqapi ba bana, L., 1962; Goldenstein ML, Litlhahlobo tsa nalane ea pina ea bopula-maliboho, L., 1963; Tompakova OM, Buka e buang ka 'mino oa Serussia bakeng sa bana, M., 1966; Ochakovskaya O., Lingoliloeng tsa 'mino bakeng sa likolo tsa sekondari, L., 1967 (bibl.); Blok V., 'Mino oa Prokofiev bakeng sa Bana, M., 1969; Sosnovskaya OI, baqapi ba Soviet bakeng sa bana, M., 1970.

Yu. B. Aliev