Ethnography ea 'mino |

Ethnography ea 'mino (ho tsoa ho ethnos ea Segerike - batho le grapo - ke ngola) - saense. taeo, e halalelang thuto ea 'mino oa setso. E tsebahala linaheng tse fapaneng le linaheng tse fapaneng. linako tsa histori tlas'a mabitso: setso sa 'mino,' mino. ethnology (linaheng tsa lipuo tsa Sejeremane le Seslav), bapisa. musicology (linaheng tse 'maloa tsa Europe Bophirimela), ethnomusicology (ka Senyesemane se buang, hona joale le moetlong oa batho ba buang Sefora), le ethnomusicology (USSR). Qalong, E. m. e ne e le saense e hlalosang feela, e lokisang taba e tobileng. thepa ya mmino ya moetlo wa molomo bakeng sa theory. le lipatlisiso tsa histori. Ho saense ea linaha tsa Europe ea lekholong la bo20 la lilemo, preim. Pele ho Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, ethnography e akaretsang e ile ea aroloa thutong ea lehae ea batho ba eona (Sejeremane - Volkskunde; Sefora - moetlo oa populaire; Senyesemane - folklore), e hlahileng motheong oa ho phahama ha tokoloho ea naha. metsamao ea Europe qalong. Lekholo la bo2 la lilemo; ho bapisa thuto ea osele, hangata e eketsehileng ea Europe, batho (Jeremane - Völkerkunde; Sefora - ethnologie; Senyesemane - anthropology ea sechaba), e tsoetseng pele bohareng. Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo mabapi le katoloso ea bokolone ea Europe. boemo-ka-. E. m. e ile ea latela karohano ena. Moetlong oa batho ba buang Sefora, em - ethnomusicology. Jeremane, tataiso e ile ea hlaha E. m., ea ithutang seo ho thoeng ke. mmino wa prehistoric, – Frühgeschichte der Musik (V. Viora).

Nakong e fetileng, bo-ramahlale ba bangata ba bourgeois ba ne ba nka ethnomusicology e le mahlale a kantle ho Europe feela. meetlo ea 'mino, joale ho na le mokhoa o lebisang kutloisisong e pharaletseng ea merabe.

Mong. litsebi, 'me ka holim'a tsohle tsa USSR, sebelisa mantsoe "E. m.”, “Mmino. folkloristics", "ethnomusicology" e lekana, e thehiloeng tabeng ea hore E. m., joaloka saense leha e le efe, e senyeha. mekhahlelo, thabela diff. theknoloji mme e na le phapang. indasteri e ikhethang. USSR, lentsoe "muz. folkloristics ", ka nako e ts'oanang, lentsoe "ethnomusicology", le thehiloeng ho lentsoe "ethnomusicology", le hlahisitsoeng ka 1950 ke J. Kunst (Netherlands) 'me le fetoha liteboho tse atileng ho Amer. itloaetsa.

E. m. ke karolo ea 'mino o akaretsang, empa ka nako e ts'oanang. e amanang le ethnography ka kakaretso, folklore, sociology. Taba ea E. m. ke moetlo. 'mino oa lelapa ('me ka holim'a tsohle, folklore). setso. maemong a fapaneng a sechaba. Tsoelopele e ne e le oa dec. karolo. Ke habohlokoa hore ebe Nar. boiqapelo ba mmino bo fapane. merabe le batho ho theosa le histori ea bona, ho akarelletsa le mehleng ea kajeno. libopeho tsa sechaba, tse khetholloang ka morabe. tse tobileng. E. m. lithuto Nar. mmino ka nako e le nngwe, sa pele, e le “puo”, ke hore, e le mokgwa o itseng. mekhoa ea 'mino-polelo, mekhoa ea' mino-puo, 'me ea bobeli - e le "puo", ke hore, e tobileng. boitsoaro ba ho phetha. Sena se hlalosa ho se khonehe ha phetiso e nepahetseng ea Nar. mmino wa letlapa feela.

Production Recording nar. 'mino ke sebaka sa bohlokoahali sa E. m. “Ntho e ka sehloohong le e ka tšeptjoang ka ho fetisisa historing ea Nar. 'mino lula Nar. melodi e rekotilweng haufinyane … Ho rekota Nar. molodi ha se mosebetsi o itlelang feela: ho rekota ka nako e le nngwe ho senola kamoo motho ya ngolang a utlwisisang sebopeho sa molodi, kamoo a o hlahlobisisang kateng … mehopolo le litsebo li ke ke tsa bonahatsoa feela rekotong "(KV Kvitka). Ho rekota, ho lokisa disampole tsa setso ho etsahala ch. arr. ka mokhoa oa maeto. sebetsa hara baahi ba mahaeng le ba ditoropong. 'Mino, mantsoe, ho rekota molumo o etsoa ka mongolo oa eona o latelang oa mongolo (decoding), datha mabapi le libapali le nalane (ea sechaba, ea morabe le ea setso) ea moo lipina tsena, metjeko, lipina li leng teng le tsona li tlalehiloe. Ho feta moo, li-muses lia lekanyetsoa, ​​​​setšoantšoa le ho nkoa lifoto. liletsa li nkuoa metjekong ea lifilimi. Ha u lokisa lihlahisoa tsa moetlo kapa tsa papali. moetlo o tsamaellanang le barupeluoa ba ona o hlalosoa ka botlalo.

Kamora ho rekota, thepa e hlophisoa, ts'ebetso ea eona ea polokelo le indexing ea karete ka mokhoa o mong kapa o mong o amoheloang (ka maeto a motho ka mong, ka libaka le libaka, libapali le lihlopha tsa libapali, mefuta le merero, mefuta ea melodic, mefuta ea modal le morethetho, mokhoa le tlhaho. tsa tshebetso). Sephetho sa systematization ke ho theha li-catalogs tse nang le tlhahlobo. tlhaho le ho dumella ho sebetsa komporong. E le sehokelo lipakeng tsa fixation, systematization le lipatlisiso tsa Nar. 'mino ke oa 'mino-ethnographic. likhatiso - anthologies tsa 'mino, libaka, mofuta kapa sehlooho. likoleke, li-monographs tse nang le setifikeiti se qaqileng, litlhaloso, tsamaiso e atolositsoeng ea li-index, eo hona joale e nang le lirekoto tsa molumo. Lirekoto tsa Ethnographic li tsamaisana le litlhaloso, lingoliloeng tsa 'mino, litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo le' mapa oa sebaka se amehang. 'Mino le merabe le tsona li atile. lifilimi.

Mmino-ethnographic. lithuto, tse fapaneng ka mefuta le merero, li kenyelletsa tse khethehileng. tlhahlobo ea 'mino (tsamaiso ea' mino, mekhoa, morethetho, sebopeho, joalo-joalo). Ba boetse ba sebelisa mekhoa ea saense e amanang le eona. libaka (folkloristics, ethnography, aesthetics, sociology, psychology, versification, linguistics, joalo-joalo), hammoho le mekhoa ea saense e nepahetseng (lipalo, lipalo-palo, acoustics) le 'mapa.

E. m. e ithuta taba ea eona ho latela lintlha tse ngotsoeng (litlhaloso tsa pele tsa 'mino, bopaki bo sa tobang bo ngotsoeng le litlhaloso tsa baeti, litlaleho, litlaleho, joalo-joalo), ho latela lisebelisoa tsa baepolli ba lintho tsa khale. lintho tse epolotsoeng le meetlo e bolokiloeng. lisebelisoa tsa 'mino, litebello tse tobileng le maeto. litlaleho. Ho lokisa 'mino oa moetlo oa molomo ka sebopeho sa ona. tikoloho ea bophelo ke ch. lintho tse bonahalang E. m. Ea kajeno. litlaleho li etsa hore ho khonehe ho tsosolosa mekhoa ea khale ea li-bunks. mmino.

Tšimoloho ea E. m. e amanang le M. Montaigne (lekholong la bo16 la lilemo), J. G. Russo le 'na. G. Herder (lekholong la bo18 la lilemo). Ka morao E. m. joalo ka ha mahlale a khutlela mesebetsing ea F. G. Fetisa et al. (Lekholo la bo19 la lilemo). Lipokello tsa pele tse hatisitsoeng tsa Nar. lipina, joalo ka molao, ha lia ka tsa phehelloa ke saense. lipheo. Li ne li hlophisitsoe ke litsebi tsa ethnographer, bo-rahistori ba sa tloaelehang ba sebaka seo. Joale ho ea boitsebisong Nar. baqapi ba ile ba fetohela ho boqapi, ba leka eseng feela ho tloaelana le 'mino oa matsoalloa a bona, joalo-joalo. batho, empa hape le ho e fetolela lihlahisoa tsa bona. Baqapi ba fane ka mekhoa. tlatsetso ho nts'etsopele ea E. m., ha baa ka ba lokisa li-bunks feela. lipina, empa hape a li hlahloba: B. Bartok, 3. Kodály (Hungary), I. Kron (Finland), J. Tierso (Fora), D. Hristov (Bulgaria), R. Vaughan Williams (Great Britain). Litsebi tse ngata tsa 19-20 makholo a lilemo. o ne a thahasella haholo litšōmo tsa matsoalloa: M. A. Balakirev, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, P. LE. Tchaikovsky A. TSA. Lyadov le ba bang. (Russia), O. Kolberg (Poland), F. Kuhach (Yugoslavia), S. Sharp (UK), B. Stoin (Bulgaria). Sebaka se ikhethileng se tšoaretsoe ke ts'ebetso ea L. Cuba (Czech Republic), ea ileng a bokella 'mino. folklore pl. tlotlisa batho. Qalong ea histori ea E. m. kamoo mahlale a atisang ho amahanngoa le nako ea ho qaptjoa ha keramafono (1877). Ka 1890 'mino oa Amer. Maindia, mokatong oa bobeli. Lilemong tsa bo-1890 lirekoto tsa pele tsa molumo li ile tsa etsoa Europe (Hungary le Russia). Ka 1884-85 A. J. Ellis o fumane hore batho ba sebelisa litekanyo tse sa tsejoeng ke batho ba Europe, 'me ba etsa tlhahiso ea ho lekanya nako pakeng tsa mehato ea bona ka lisente - makholo a semitone e bohale. Li-archives tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa phonogram li thehiloe Vienna le Berlin. Motheong oa bona, saense. likolo E. m. Ho tloha ka 1929 ho bile le sebaka sa polokelo ea lintho tsa khale. setso sa Bucharest (Archives de la folklore de la Société des Compositeurs roumains), ho tloha ka 1944 - Intern. archive et al. 'mino oa Geneva (Archives internationales de musique populaire au Musée d'ethnographie de Geníve; ka bobeli li entsoe ke kamore e ikhethang. setsebi sa folklorist K. Brailoyu) le Lefapha la Ethnomusicology Musiamong oa Art. bonono le meetlo Paris (Département d'ethnomusicologie du Musée national des Arts et Traditions populaires). Ho tloha ka 1947 Intern. lekhotla la 'mino oa batho ho UNESCO - Lekhotla la Machaba la 'Mino oa Folk (IFMC), le nang le nat. likomiti linaheng tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e, tse hatisang tse khethehileng. makasine ea "Journal of the IFMC" le ho hatisa buka ea selemo "Yearbook of the IFMC" (ho tloha 1969), USA - Mokhatlo oa Ethnomusicology, o hatisang koranta. "Ethnomusicology". Yugoslavia, Union of Folklorists Society (Savez udruzenja folklorista Jugoslavije) e thehiloe ka 1954. Work Archive about-va Sesotho. Nar Dance and Song (English Folk Dance and Song Society, London), Archives of the Museum of Man (Musée de l'Homme, Paris), Archives Nar. pesni Biblioteki kongresa (Archive of Folk song of the Library of Congress, Washington), Traditional Archive. 'Mino Univesithing ea Indiana (Indiana University Archives of Traditional Music) le Ethnomusicological. li-archive Univesithing ea California, li-archive tsa ba bang. babang. un-tov, polokelo ea litaba ea Intern. in-ta bapisa. lithuto tsa 'mino (Archives of International Institute for bapisa lithuto tsa' mino le litokomane, Zap. Berlin), joalo-joalo. Ts'ebetsong ea ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa sejoale-joale E. m. ethnocentrism le ho sekamela linthong tse fokolang tsa morabe li hlōloa ka litšenyehelo tsa papiso e pharaletseng ea histori. lipatlisiso. Methodist. lipatlisiso li reretsoe ho amohela 'mino ka bonono ba oona bo matla, bo tsoelang pele historing. ho khetheha - moetsi oa 'nete. Tshebetso. Mokhoa oa sejoale-joale E. m. e sebedisa mokgwa o akaretsang le o hlophisehileng wa mmino. setso, e leng lumella u ho ithuta Nar. 'mino ka har'a syncretic le maiketsetso. bonngoe le ba bang. dikarolo tsa setso. Kajeno E. m. e nka tšōmo e le bonono. ts'ebetso ea puisano (K. Chistov - USSR; D. Shtokman – GDR; D. Ben-Amos - USA, joalo-joalo); main Ho hlokomeloa boithuto ba sebopeho sa hae (ke hore. Monghali. lipina tsa sehlopha E. Clusen - Jeremane; t. Monghali. lihlopha tse nyenyane tsa Ben-Amose; t. Monghali. lihlopha tse nyenyane tsa sechaba Sirovatki - Czechoslovakia). Ho latela T. Todorova (NRB), e leng mokhoa oa E. m. boithutong ba tšōmo joalo ka bonono bo lebisa ho thehoeng ha E. m.

Ho nts'etsopele ea pele ho phetohelo AN Serov, VF Odoevsky, PP Sokalsky, Yu. N. Melgunov, AL Maslov, EE Lineva, SF Lyudkevich, FM Kolessa, Komitas, DI Arakishvili le ba bang. Har'a liphooko tse hlahelletseng. VM Belyaev, VS Vinogradov, E. Ya. Vitolin, U. Gadzhibekov, EV Gippius, BG Erzakovich, AV Zataevich, le KV Kvitka, XS Kushnarev, LS Mukharinskaya, FA Rubtsov, XT Tampere, VA Uspensky, Ya. nar. meetlo ea 'mino.

Naheng ea Russia, pokello le thuto ea Nar. boiqapelo ba 'mino bo ne bo tsepamisitsoe ho Komisi ea 'Mino le Ethnographic le ethnographic. lefapha la Russia. Geographic about-va. Ka mor'a Oct. liphetohelo lia thehoa: ethnographic. karolo State. Institute of Music Sciences (1921, Moscow, sebetsa ho fihlela 1931), Leningrad. polokelo ea phonogram (1927, ho tloha ka 1938 - Setsing sa Lingoliloeng sa Serussia sa Academy of Sciences ea USSR), ofisi ea Nar. 'mino oa Moscow. Conservatory (1936), karolo ea setso ho Institute of Technology, Music and Cinematography (1969, Leningrad), Komisi ea All-Union ea batho. 'mino ho Komiti ea USSR ea USSR, komisi ea' mino oa 'mino le setso sa Komiti ea RSFSR ea USSR, joalo-joalo.

Tshimolohong. 1920s BV Asafiev, ea neng a utloisisa 'mino. puo ea lentsoe joalo ka e tobileng. phuthela. mokhoa oa puisano o utloahalang, o buella thuto ea nar. music art-va e le pōpo e phelang. tshebetso. O ile a batla thuto ea litšōmo “joaloka ’mino oa tikoloho e itseng ea sechaba, e lulang e fetoha sebōpehong sa eona.” Ea pele e bolela. Mesebetsi ea EV Evald (ka lipina tsa Belarusian Polesie, 1934, 2nd ed. 1979) e bile katleho ea E. m. ntlheng ena. Liphooko. E. m. e qala motheong oa mokhoa oa Marxist-Leninist. Liphooko. litsebi tsa merabe ea 'mino li fihletse mekhoa. katleho ho ithuteng mekhoa le bonono ba lehae. mekhoa ea setso. le kajeno nar. 'mino, ts'ebelisong ea' mino le lintlha tsa setso e le mohloli oa ho ithuta mathata a ethnogenesis.

Tsoelo-pele ea E. m. kaha saense e lebisa ho thehoeng ha khopolo e ncha ea bonono. botšepehi ba Nar. 'mino le batho ba organic systemic. setso sa mmino.

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II Zemtsovsky