Giovanni Paisiello |

Giovanni Paisiello

G. Paisiello ke oa baqapi bao ba Mataliana bao talenta ea bona e ileng ea senoloa ka ho hlaka mofuteng oa opera-buffa. Ka mosebetsi oa Paisiello le batho ba mehleng ea hae - B. Galuppi, N. Piccinni, D. Cimarosa - nako ea lipalesa tse khanyang tsa mofuta ona karolong ea bobeli ea lekholo la 1754 la lilemo li kopantsoe. Thuto ea mathomo le tsebo ea pele ea 'mino eo Paisiello a e fumaneng kolecheng ea Majesuite. Boholo ba bophelo ba hae bo ile ba qeta Naples, moo a ileng a ithuta San Onofrio Conservatory le F. Durante, moqapi ea tummeng oa opera, moeletsi oa G. Pergolesi le Piccinni (63-XNUMX).

Ka mor'a hore a fumane sehlooho sa motlatsi oa mosuoe, Paisiello o ile a ruta setsing sa thuto, 'me a nehelana ka nako ea hae ea mahala ho qapa. Qetellong ea lilemo tsa bo-1760. Paisiello e se e ntse e le moqapi ea tummeng ka ho fetisisa Italy; lipapali tsa hae (haholo-holo buffa) li bapaloa ka katleho lebaleng la lipapali la Milan, Roma, Venice, Bologna, joalo-joalo, li kopana le litakatso tsa batho ba bangata, ho kenyeletsoa le tse khantšitsoeng ka ho fetisisa.

Ka hona, sengoli se tummeng sa 'mino oa Senyesemane C. Burney (mongoli oa "Maeto a' Mino" a tummeng) o ile a bua haholo ka 'mino oa buffa "Intrigues of Love" o utloileng Naples: "... Ke ne ke rata 'mino haholo; e ne e tletse mollo le litoro, li-ritornello li ne li tletse litemana tse ncha, le likarolo tsa lentsoe tse nang le lipina tse monate le tse bonolo tse hopoloa le ho nkoa le uena ka mor'a ho mamela ka lekhetlo la pele kapa li ka etsoa ka lesakana la lehae ke sehlopha se senyenyane sa 'mino oa liletsa. esita le ha seletsa se seng se le sieo, ka harpsichord “.

Ka 1776, Paisiello o ile a ea St. Petersburg, moo a ileng a sebeletsa e le moqapi oa lekhotla ka lilemo tse ka bang 10. (Mokhoa oa ho memela baqapi ba Mataliana e ne e le khale o theiloe lekhotleng la moemphera; pele ho Paisiello St. Petersburg e ne e le sebini se tummeng sa B. Galuppi le T. Traetta.) Har’a lipina tse ngata tsa opera tsa mehleng ea “Petersburg” ke The Servant-Mistress (1781), tlhaloso e ncha ea morero, halofo ea lekholo la lilemo morao e sebelisitsoeng opera e tummeng ea Pergolesi - moholo-holo oa mofuta oa buffa; hammoho le The Barber of Seville e thehiloeng ho metlae ea P. Beaumarchais (1782), e ileng ea thabela katleho e kholo le sechaba sa Europe ka lilemo tse mashome a 'maloa. (Ha G. Rossini e monyenyane ka 1816 a boela a bua ka taba ena, ba bangata ba ile ba e nka e le sebete se seholo ka ho fetisisa.)

Lipapali tsa Paisiello li ne li bapaloa ka lekhotleng le liholong tsa boithabiso bakeng sa bamameli ba demokrasi haholoanyane - Bolshoi (Lejoe) le Kolomna, Maly (Volny) le Tsaritsyn Meadow (eo hona joale e leng Field of Mars). Mesebetsi ea moqapi oa lekhotla e ne e boetse e kenyelletsa ho thehoa ha 'mino oa liletsa bakeng sa mekete ea lekhotla le likonsarete: lefa la pōpo la Paisiello ho na le mefuta e 24 ea liletsa tsa moea (tse ling li na le mabitso a lenaneo - "Diana", "Noon", "Sunset", "Sunset", joalo-joalo), likotoana tsa clavier, li-chamber ensembles. Likhonsateng tsa bolumeli tsa St. Petersburg, ho ile ha etsoa oratorio ea Paisiello The Passion of Christ (1783).

Ha a khutlela Italy (1784), Paisiello o ile a fumana boemo ba ho ba moqapi le mookameli oa sehlopha lekhotleng la Morena oa Naples. Ka 1799, ha masole a Napoleon, a tšehelitsoe ke Mataliana a fetohelang phetohelo, a liha borena ba Bourbon Naples ’me a phatlalatsa Rephabliki ea Parthenopean, Paisiello o ile a nka boemo ba motsamaisi oa ’mino oa naha. Empa likhoeli tse tšeletseng hamorao, moqapi eo o ile a tlosoa mosebetsing oa hae. (Rephaboliki e ile ea oa, morena a khutlela pusong, mookameli oa sehlopha o ile a qosoa ka bofetoheli - ho e-na le ho latela morena Sicily nakong ea merusu, o ile a ea ka lehlakoreng la marabele.)

Ho sa le joalo, memo e lekang e ile ea tsoa Paris - ho etella pele ntlo ea thapelo ea lekhotla ea Napoleon. Ka 1802 Paisiello o ile a fihla Paris. Leha ho le joalo, ha aa ka a lula Fora nako e telele. Ho sa tsotellehe ho amoheloa ke sechaba sa Mafora (opera seria Proserpina e ngotsoeng Paris le ho kena-kenana le Camillette ha lia ka tsa atleha), o ile a khutlela naheng ea habo e se e ntse e le ka 1803. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, moqapi o ne a lula a le mong, a le mong, a ntse a buisana feela le hae. metsoalle e haufi-ufi.

Lilemo tse fetang mashome a mane tsa mosebetsi oa Paisiello li ne li tletse mesebetsi e matla haholo le e fapaneng - o siile li-operas tse fetang 100, oratorios, cantatas, masses, mesebetsi e mengata ea liletsa tsa 'mino oa liletsa (mohlala, li-symphonies tse 12 - 1784) le lihlopha tsa kamore. Monghali e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa opera-buffa, Paisiello o ile a phahamisetsa mofuta ona mohatong o mocha oa nts'etsopele, a ntlafatsa mekhoa ea metlae (hangata e nang le karolo ea 'mino oa satire) ea libapali, a matlafatsa karolo ea sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa.

Li-opera tsa morao-rao li khetholloa ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ho kopanya - ho tloha "li-duets tsa tumello" tse bonolo ka ho fetisisa ho ea ho li-finals tse kholo, tseo 'mino o bontšang liphetoho tsohle tse rarahaneng tsa ketso ea sethaleng. Tokoloho khethong ea merero le mehloli ea lingoliloeng e khetholla mosebetsi oa Paisiello ho batho ba bangata ba mehleng ea hae ba neng ba sebetsa mofuteng oa buffa. Kahoo, ho "Miller" e tummeng (1788-89) - e 'ngoe ea li-comic operas tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa lekholong la XVIII. - likarolo tsa boruti, li-idyll li hokahane le metlae ea bohlanya le metlae. (Lihlooho tsa opera ena li ile tsa theha motheo oa liphapang tsa piano tsa L. Beethoven.) Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea opera ea litšōmo e tebileng e songoa ho The Imaginary Philosopher. Kaha Paisiello e ne e le setsebi se ke keng sa lekanngoa sa litšoaneleho tsa parodic, ha aa ka a hlokomoloha esita le Gluck's Orpheus ('mino oa buffa oa The Deceived Tree le The Imaginary Socrates). Moqapi o ne a boetse a khahloa ke lithuto tse sa tloaelehang tsa bochabela tse neng li le fesheneng ka nako eo ("Polite Arab", "Chinese Idol"), le "Nina, kapa Mad with Love" o na le semelo sa tšoantšiso ea mantsoe. Melao-motheo ea pōpo ea Paisiello e ile ea amoheloa haholo ke WA ​​Mozart 'me ea e-ba le tšusumetso e matla ho G. Rossini. Ka 1868, e neng e se e ntse e fokotseha, mongoli ea hlaheletseng oa The Barber oa Seville o ile a ngola: “Sebakeng sa liketsahalo sa Parisia, ho kile ha hlahisoa buka ea Paisiello The Barber: perela ea meloli e se nang bonono le lebala la liketsahalo. E bile katleho e kholo le e lokeloang hantle. ”

I. Okhalova

Liqapi:

opereishene – Chatterbox (Il сiarlone 1764, Bologna), Chinese idol (L'idolo cinese, 1766, post. 1767, tr “Nuovo”, Naples), Don Quixote (Don Chisciotte della Mancia, 1769, tr “Fiorentini”), Naples Artaxerxes (1771, Modena), Alexander in India (Alessandro nelle Indie, 1773, ibid.), Andromeda (1774, Milan), Demophon (1775, Venice), Imaginary Socrates (Socrates immaginario, 1775, Naples), Nitteti, 1777 St. Petersburg), Achilles on Skyros (Achille in Sciro, 1778, ibid.), Alcides mateanong a litsela (Alcide al bivio, 1780, ibid.), Maid-mistress (La serva padrona, 1781, Tsarskoye Selo), Seville barber , kapa Tlhokomelo ea lefeela (Il barbiere di Siviglia ovvero La precauzione inutile, 1782, St. Petersburg), Lefatše la Lunar (Il mondo della luna, 1783, Kamenny tr, St. Petersburg), Morena Theodore oa Venice (Il re Teodoro e Venezia, 1784 , Vienna), Antigonus (Antigono, 1785, Naples), Lehaha la Trophonia (La grotta di Trofonio, 1785, ibid.), Phaedra (1788, ibid.), Miller's Woman (La molinara, 1789, ibid., original ed. — Leratole litšitiso tsa ka, kapa Little Miller's Woman, L'arnor oppositeato o sia La molinara, 1788), Gypsies at the Fair (I zingari in fiera, 1789, ibid.), Nina, kapa Mad with Love (Nina o sia La pazza) per amore, 1789, Caserta), Lahla Dido (Di-done abbandonata, 1794, Naples), Andromache (1797, ibid.), Proserpina (1803, Paris), Pythagoreans (I pittagorici, 1808, Naples) le ba bang; oratorios, cantatas, masses, Te Deum; bakeng sa okhestra - li-symphonies tse 12 (12 sinfonie concertante, 1784) le tse ling; li-ensembles tsa liletsa tsa kamore, в т.ч. посв. великой кн. Марии Фёдоровне Lipokello tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea Rondeau le capriccios e tsamaeang le Violin bakeng sa leq. fte, e qapiloeng ka ho hlaka bakeng sa SAI The Grand Duchess of all Russias, и др.