Tlhahlobo ea 'mino |

(ho tsoa ho Segerike. tlhahlobo - ho senyeha, ho senya) - thuto ea saense ea 'mino. tlhahiso: mokhoa oa bona, sebopeho, 'mino. puo, mmoho le karolo ya karolo ka nngwe le tshebedisano ya tsona phethahatsong ya diteng. Tlhahlobo e utloisisoa e le mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso, DOS. karohanong ea tsohle ka likarolo, constituent elements. Tlhahlobo e hanyetsana le synthesis - mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso, o kenyelletsang ho hokahanya otd. likarolo ho ntho e le 'ngoe. Analysis le synthesis li bonngoeng haufi. F. Engels o ile a hlokomela hore “ho nahana ho kopanyelletsa ho bola ha lintho tseo motho a li tsebang ho ba likarolo tsa tsona joalokaha ho kopanngoa ha likarolo tse hokahantsoeng hore e be bonngoe bo itseng. Ha ho na synthesis ntle le tlhahlobo” (Anti-Dühring, K. Marx le F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 20, M., 1961, p. 41). Ke motsoako oa tlhahlobo le motsoako feela o lebisang kutloisisong e tebileng ea ketsahalo ena. Sena se boetse se sebetsa ho A. m., eo, qetellong, e lokelang ho lebisa ho kakaretso, ho kopanya. Mokhoa o joalo oa litsela tse peli o lebisa kutloisisong e tebileng ea lintho tse lokelang ho ithutoa. Lentsoe "A. m.” e utloisisoang le ho sebelisoa ka mokhoa o pharaletseng le o moqotetsane. Kahoo, ka A.m. ba utloisisa tlhahlobo. ho nahanela mmino ofe kapa ofe. mekhoa e joalo (mohlala, motho a ka hlahloba sebopeho sa tse kholo le tse nyenyane, melao-motheo ea ts'ebetso ea mesebetsi ea harmonic, litekanyetso tsa methara ka har'a mokhoa o itseng, melao ea ho hlophisoa ha 'mino oohle, joalo-joalo). Ka kutloisiso ena, lentsoe "A. m.” e kopana le lentsoe “theoretical musicology”. A. m. e boetse e hlalosoa e le tlhahlobo. ho nahanela karolo efe kapa efe ya mmino. puo ka hara mmino o itseng. mesebetsi. Ena ke kutloisiso e fokolang ea lentsoe "A. m.” ke moetapele. 'Mino ke bonono ba nakoana, bo bonts'a liketsahalo tsa' nete ts'ebetsong ea nts'etsopele ea bona, ka hona, boleng ba bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tlhahlobong ea muses. tlhahiso. 'me likarolo tsa eona ka bomong li na le ho thehoa ha mekhoa ea tsoelo-pele.

E 'ngoe ea mefuta e ka sehloohong ea polelo ea bonono. setšoantšo sa 'mino ke muses. sehlooho. Thuto ea lihlooho le lipapiso tsa tsona, lihlooho tsohle. ntshetsopele ke nako ya bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa tshekatshekong ya mosebetsi. Tlhahlobo ea Thematic e boetse e fana ka tlhaloso ea tšimoloho ea mofuta oa lihlooho. Kaha mofuta ona o amahanngoa le mofuta o itseng oa litaba le mefuta e mengata ea mekhoa e hlalosang maikutlo, ho hlakisa mofuta oa sehlooho ho thusa ho senola litaba tsa eona.

Tlhahlobo e ka khoneha. likarolo tsa mmino. lihlahisoa tse sebelisoang ho tsona li hlalosa. e bolela: metara, morethetho (bobeli ka moelelo oa bona o ikemetseng le ketsong ea bona e kopanetsoeng), mokhoa, timbre, matla, joalo-joalo Harmonic (sheba Harmony) le polyphonic (bona Polyphony) tlhahlobo ke ea bohlokoa haholo, nakong eo sebopeho se boetse se nkoa e le mokgwa o itseng wa nehelano, mmoho le tshekatsheko ya molodi e le sehlopha se bonolo ka ho fetisisa se akaretsang se nang le kopano ya mantlha ya polelo. lichelete. Mofuta o latelang oa A. m. ke tshekatsheko ya ditlhamo. mefuta ea tlhahiso. (ke hore, lona moralo oa papiso ea sehlooho le nts'etsopele, sheba sebopeho sa 'Mino) - e kenyelletsa ho khetholla mofuta le mofuta oa libopeho, ha ho hlakisoa metheo ea sehlooho. ntshetsopele.

Mefuteng ena eohle, A. m. e amahanngoa le tekanyo e kholoanyane kapa e nyenyane ea nakoana, ea maiketsetso, empa e hlokahalang, karohano ea ntho e fanoeng ho ba bang. Ka mohlala, tlhahlobo ea harmonic ka linako tse ling hoa hlokahala ho nahana ka karo-karolelano ea likhetho tsa motho ka mong, ho sa tsotellehe karolo ea meter, morethetho, lipina tsa thoriso.

Mofuta o khethehileng oa tlhahlobo - "mathata" kapa "ho akaretsa" - ke tlhahlobo ea 'mino. ditlhamo tse di tlhagisitsweng mo motheong wa tshekatsheko ya ditlhamo. liforomo, empa li kopantsoe le thuto ea likarolo tsohle tsa kakaretso ka tšebelisano ea tsona le nts'etsopele.

Tlhaloso ea histori le stylistic. le prerequisites mofuta oa bohlokoa ka mefuta eohle ea atomism, empa ke habohlokoa ka ho khetheha tlhahlobo e rarahaneng (e akaretsang), sepheo se phahameng ka ho fetisisa sa ho ithuta 'mino. tlhahiso. joalo ka ketsahalo ea maikutlo a sechaba ka botlalo ba istorich. likamano. Tlhahlobo ea mofuta ona e mothating oa theory e nepahetseng. le histori musicology. Liphooko. litsebi tsa 'mino li akaretsa lintlha tsa A. m. motheong oa mokhoa oa Marxist-Leninist aesthetics.

A. m. e ka sebetsa joalo ka decomp. lipakane. Tlhahlobo ea likarolo tsa 'mino ka bomong. mesebetsi (likarolo tsa puo ea 'mino) li sebelisoa thutong le thutong. lithuto, libuka tsa thuto, lithuso tsa ho ruta le tooretich. lipatlisiso. Lithutong tsa mahlale ho latela mofuta oa tsona le tsepamiso e khethehileng li etsoa tlhahlobo e felletseng otd. tla hlalosa. likarolo, mekhoa ea ho qapa. mefuta ea mesebetsi ea 'mino. Maemong a mangata ho nehelano ea ka kakaretso theory. mathata e le bopaki ba boemo bo sisintsoeng a hlahlojoa ka ho latellana. disampole – ditsopolo tsa mmino. mesebetsi kapa mesebetsi yohle. Ena ke mokhoa oa ho fokotsa. Mabakeng a mangwe a mohuta wo, go fiwa mehlala ya tshekatsheko go lebiša mmadi diphethong tša kakaretšo. Ena ke mokhoa oa inductive. Mekhoa ena ka bobeli e nepahetse ka ho lekana 'me e ka kopanngoa.

Comprehensive (kakaretso) analysis otd. mesebetsi - karolo ea bohlokoa ea histori le setaele. ho etsa lipatlisiso, ho senola setaele kamehla. mekhoa, litšobotsi tsa nat e itseng. setso, hammoho le e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea ho theha mekhoa ea bohlokoa le ea bohlokoa e akaretsang ea' mino. qoso. Ka mokhoa o hlakileng haholoanyane, e fetoha karolo ea monographic. lipatlisiso tse nehetsoeng moqapi a le mong. Ho na le mofuta o ikhethileng oa tlhahlobo e rarahaneng (e akaretsang), e fanang ka botle bo akaretsang. tekolo ya tlhahiso ntle le ho teba tlhahlobisisong e tla hlalosa. ho bolela, likarolo tsa sebopeho, joalo-joalo. Tlhahlobisiso e joalo e ka bitsoa bokhabane. tlhahlobo ea mosebetsi. Ka ho nahana joalo ka 'mino. tlhahiso. tshekatsheko e e nepagetseng le go tshwaya diphoso di amana thata mme ka dinako tse dingwe di tsenelelana.

Karolo e hlahelletseng ntlafatsong ea mahlale. mekhoa A. m. mokatong oa pele. Lekholong la bo1 la lilemo e ile ea e bapala. setsebi sa mmino AB Marx (19-1795). Buka ea hae Ludwig Beethoven. Bophelo le Mosebetsi" ("Ludwig van Beethovens Leben und Schaffen", 1866-1859) ke e 'ngoe ea mehlala ea pele ea li-monographs, ho kenyelletsa le tlhahlobo e qaqileng ea li-muses. tlhahiso.

X. Riemann (1849-1919), e thehiloeng khopolong ea hae ea kutloano, metara, sebōpeho, e ile ea tebisa khopolo-taba. mekhoa ea ho hlahloba 'mino. tlhahiso. Leha ho le joalo, ha a shebana le lehlakore le hlophisitsoeng, ha aa ka a arola theknoloji le aesthetics. likhakanyo le lintlha tsa histori. Riemann o na le mesebetsi e joalo ea tlhahlobo e kang "Guide to Fugue Composition" ("Handbuch der Fugen-Kompositionen", Bd I-III, 1890-94, vols. I le II li nehetsoe "Well-Tempered Clavier", vol. III – “The Art of the Fugue” by JS Bach), “Beethoven’s Bow Quartets” (“Beethovens Streichquartette”, 1903), “Sonatas tsohle tsa piano tsa solo ka L. van Beethoven, botle bo botle. le tekheniki ea semmuso. tlhahlobo ka litlhaloso tsa histori” (“L. van Beethovens sämtliche Klavier-Solosonaten, ästhetische und formal-technische Analyze mit historischen Notizen”, 1918-1919), thematic. tlhahlobo ea symphony ea 6 le symphony "Manfred" ea Tchaikovsky.

Har'a mesebetsi e hlahisitseng khopolo-taba le botle bo botle. mokhoa oa ho hlahloba mesebetsi ea 'mino. ka 'mino oa Europe Bophirimela, re ka reha mosebetsi oa G. Kretschmar (1848-1924) "Tataiso ea likonsarete" ("Führer durch Konzertsaal", 1887-90); monograph ka A. Schweitzer (1875-1965) “IS Bach “(” JS Bach “, 1908), moo prod. moqapi o hlokometsoe bonngoeng ba likarolo tse tharo tsa tlhahlobo - teori, botle. le ho phetha; monograph ea meqolo e meraro ea P. Becker (1882-1937) "Beethoven" ("Beethoven", 1911), eo mongoli a hlahlobang li-symphonies le piano. sonatas ea moqapi e moholo e thehiloeng "maikutlo a bona a thothokiso"; buka ea X. Leuchtentritt (1874-1951) "Ho Ruta ka Foromo ea 'Mino" ("Musikalische Formenlehre", 1911) le mosebetsi oa hae "Analysis of Chopin's Piano Works" ("Analyse der Chopin'schen Klavierwerke", 1921-22), ka -Roy phahameng saense-theoretical. boemo ba ho hlahloba bo kopantsoe le litšobotsi tse thahasellisang tsa tšoantšetso le aesthetics. litekanyetso; e nang le litlhahlobo tse ngata tse poteletseng tsa mesebetsi ea E. Kurt (1886-1946) “Romantic Harmony and Its Its in Wagner’s Tristan” (“Romantische Harmonik und ihre Krise in Wagners “Tristan”, 1920) le “Bruckner” (Bd 1- 2, 1925). Thutong ea A. Lorenz (1868-1939) "Lekunutu la Foromo ho Wagner" ("Das Geheimnis der Form bei Richard Wagner", 1924-33), e thehiloeng tlhahlobong e qaqileng ea li-operas tsa Wagner, lihlopha tse ncha tsa mefuta le likarolo tsa bona li thehiloe (ho kopanya sethala le linako tsa 'mino oa "poetic-musical period", "substitute part").

Mesebetsi ea R. Rolland (1866-1944) e nka sebaka se khethehileng ho nts'etsopele ea bonono ba athomo. E 'ngoe ea tsona ke mosebetsi oa "Beethoven. Linako tse kholo tsa pōpo" ("Beethoven. Les grandes epoques cryatrice", 1928-45). Ha a hlahloba li-symphonies tsa Beethoven, li-sonata le opera ho eona, R. Rolland o theha mofuta oa tlhahlobo. mokhoa o amanang le litloaelano tsa thothokiso, lingoloa, lipapiso le ho fetela ka nģ'ane ho moralo o tiileng oa 'mino-theori ho ea ho tlhaloso e lokolohileng ea thothokiso ea mehopolo le sebopeho sa tšoantšetso sa tlhahiso. Mokhoa ona o phethile karolo e kholo ntlafatsong e tsoelang pele ea A. m. ka bobeli ka Bophirimela le haholo-holo USSR.

Ka Russia classical musicology ea lekholong la bo19 la lilemo. mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea sechaba. menahano e ile ea ama tšimo ea A. m. Boiteko ba Rus. litsebi tsa 'mino le bahlahlobisisi ba ile ba romeloa ho amohela thesis: e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mus. tlhahiso. e entsoeng ka sepheo sa ho hlahisa mohopolo o itseng, ho fetisa mehopolo le maikutlo a itseng. AD Ulybyshev (1794-1858), oa pele oa Rus. sengoli sa 'mino, mongoli oa libuka "The New Biography of Mozart" ("Nouvelle biographie de Mozart ...", likarolo 1-3, 1843) le "Beethoven, bahlahlobisisi ba hae le bafetoleli" ("Beethoven, ses critiques et ses glossateurs", 1857), ea ileng a siea letšoao le hlokomelehang historing ea ho nyatsa. mehopolo. Libuka tsena ka bobeli li na le litlhahlobo tse ngata, lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa 'mino le tse monate. mesebetsi. Mohlomong ena ke mehlala ea pele ea li-monographs tsa Europe tse kopanyang litaba tsa biographical le tlhahlobo. E mong oa bafuputsi ba pele ba Serussia ba ileng ba retelehela linaheng tsa bo-ntate. music art-woo, VF Odoevsky (1804-69), e se setsebi sa theoretic, o ile a fana ka mesebetsi ea hae ea bohlokoa le ea boralitaba ka bokhabane. ho hlalosa pl. tlhahiso, ch. arr. Lipapali tsa Glinka. Mesebetsi ea VF Lenz (1809-83) "Beethoven le mekhoa ea hae e meraro" ("Beethoven et ses trois styles", 1852) le "Beethoven. Tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng tsa hae "("Beethoven. Eine Kunst-Studie", 1855-60) ha e e-s'o lahleheloe ke bohlokoa ba eona ho fihlela kajeno.

AN Serov (1820-71) - mothehi oa mokhoa oa sehlooho. tlhahlobo ea 'mino oa Russia. Moqoqong oa Karolo ea Motifi o le Mong ho Opera E Feletseng A Life for the Tsar (1859), a sebelisa mehlala ea 'mino, Serov o hlahloba ho thehoa ha sehlooho sa k'horase ea ho qetela ea Khanya. Mongodi o amahanya sebopeho sa pina ena ya sehlooho le kgolo ya sehlooho. mehopolo ea opera ea naha. Sengoliloeng se reng “Thematism of the Leonora Overture” (phuputso e mabapi le Beethoven, 1861) se hlahloba kamano e teng lipakeng tsa thematicism ea overture ea Beethoven le opera ea hae. Sehloohong se reng "Symphony ea Borobong ea Beethoven, Sebopeho le Se boleloang ke Eona" (1868), khopolo ea ho thehoa butle-butle ha sehlooho sa ho qetela sa thabo e etsoa. Tlhahlobo e tsitsitseng ea mesebetsi ea Glinka le Dargomyzhsky e fanoe ka lihlooho tse reng "A Life for the Tsar" le "Ruslan le Lyudmila" (1860), "Ruslan le Ruslanists" (1867), "Mermaid" ka Dargomyzhsky (1856). . Bonngoe ba tsoelopele ea bonono. menahano le mekhoa ea sebopeho sa eona - libopuoa. molao-motheo oa mokhoa oa Serov, o ileng oa fetoha lejoe la sekhutlo la liphooko. theory musicology.

Lihloohong tse mahlonoko tsa PI Tchaikovsky, sebaka se hlahelletseng se fuoa tlhahlobo ea li-muses. lihlahisoa tse entsoeng liholong tse fapaneng tsa konsarete Moscow ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-70. Lekholo la bo19 la lilemo Har'a lit. Lefa la NA Rimsky-Korsakov le ikhetha ka sehlooho sa hae. tlhahlobisiso ea mong oa opera The Snow Maiden (ed. 1911, e hatisitsoeng ka botlalo ho ed.: NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Collected Works, Literary Works and Correspondence, vol. IV, M., 1960). Tshekatsheko ya ditlhamo tsa gagwe le tshekatsheko ya tlhagiso. Baqapi ba bang le bona ba fumaneha bukeng ea Rimsky-Korsakov ea Chronicle of My Musical Life (e hatisitsoeng ka 1909). Palo e kholo ea litlhaloso tsa theory tse khahlisang. 'me sebopeho sa tlhahlobo se fumaneha mangolong a SI Taneev le PI Tchaikovsky. Mahlale a phahameng le a theory. bohlokoa ke litlhahlobo tse qaqileng tsa Taneyev tsa tonal le thematic. nts'etsopele ho li-sonatas tse ling tsa Beethoven (ka mangolo a eang ho moqapi NN Amani le mosebetsing o khethehileng "Analysis of modulations in Beethoven's sonatas").

Talenta ea litsebi tse ngata tsa 'mino tse tsoelang pele tsa Russia le bahlahlobisisi, ba ileng ba qala mesebetsi ea bona mehleng ea pele ho phetohelo, ba ile ba hlaha ka mor'a Phetohelo e Khōlō ea October. rasososhiale. phetohelo. BL Yavorsky (1877-1942), moetsi oa khopolo ea modal rhythm, o ile a hlahisa lintho tse ngata tse ncha ka tlhahlobo e rarahaneng (e akaretsang). O na le litlhahlobo tsa mesebetsi ea AN Scriabin le JS Bach le mesebetsi e meng. Seminareng ea Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, rasaense o ile a hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa lilelekela le li-fugues tsa pokello ena le li-cantatas, 'me, ho ipapisitse le tlhahlobo ea sengoloa sa morao-rao, o ile a fihlela liqeto tsa mantlha mabapi le litaba tsa lilelekela le li-fugues.

Tsoelo-pele ea mekhoa ea saense A. m. e kentse letsoho lilemong tsa bo-20. mesebetsi ea thuto le saense ea GL Catoire (1861-1926) le GE Konyus (1862-1933). Ho sa tsotellehe maemo a mahlale a lehlakore le le leng (mohlala, khopolo ea metrotectonism Konus, pheteletso ea karolo ea sebopeho sa metara lithutong tsa Catoire), khopolo ea bona. libuka li ne li e-na le litebello tsa bohlokoa 'me li kentse letsoho ntlafatsong ea monahano oa tlhahlobo.

A. m. e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mesebetsing ea BV Asafiev (1884-1949). Har'a lipatlisiso tsa hae tse hlahelletseng tsa tlhahlobo - "Symphonic Etudes" (1922), e nang le litlhahlobo tsa palo ea Serussia. operas le ballets (ho akarelletsa le opera The Queen of Spades), buka ea Eugene Onegin ka Tchaikovsky (1944), thuto ea Glinka (1947), eo ho eona likarolo tse nehetsoeng ho. tlhahlobo ea opera "Ruslan le Lyudmila" le "Kamarinskaya". Ha e le hantle e ncha e ne e le mohopolo oa Asafiev oa ho qaptjoa. sebopeho sa mmino. Mesebetsing ea hae ho thata ho khetholla pakeng tsa linako tsa khopolo-taba. le histori. Tšimoloho ea histori le ea theory ke eona molemo o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa saense oa Asafiev. Mesebetsi e metle ea Asafiev e bile le tšusumetso e kholo ho nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea 'mino. Buka ea hae ea Musical Form as a Process (likarolo 1-2, 1930 le 1947) e phethile karolo e khethehileng, e phethela mehopolo e behang litholoana likarolong tse peli tsa ’mino. foromo - joalo ka ts'ebetso le joalo ka sephetho sa eona se khanyang; mabapi le mofuta oa liforomo ho ea ka melao-motheo ea motheo - phapang le boitsebiso; mabapi le mesebetsi e meraro ea nts'etsopele - ts'usumetso, ho sisinyeha le ho phethoa, mabapi le ho fetoha ha bona kamehla.

Tsoelopele ea A. m. USSR e ne e bonahala ka bobeli ka mokhoa o khethehileng. lipatlisiso, le mesebetsing e kang libuka le lithuso tsa ho ruta. Bukeng ea LA Mazel "Fantasy f-moll Chopin. Experience of Analysis” (1937) e thehiloeng tlhahlobisisong e qaqileng ea ’mino ona. mesebetsi beha palo e tloaelehileng ea setaele. melao ea mosebetsi oa Chopin, mathata a bohlokoa a mokhoa oa A. m. di bewa pele. Mosebetsing oa mongoli a le mong "On Melody" (1952), e khethehileng e ile ea ntlafatsoa. mokhoa oa melodic. tlhatlhobo.

VA Zukkerman bukeng ea hae "Kamarinskaya" ea Glinka le lineano tsa eona tsa 'mino oa Serussia (1957) o hlahisa litokisetso tse ncha tsa motheo mabapi le lipina. litšobotsi tsa Serussia nar. lipina le metheo ea ntlafatso ea phapang. Theory ea bohlokoa. generalizations e na le buka ea Vl. V. Protopopov "Ivan Susanin" Glinka "(1961). E bile eona ea pele ea ho theha mohopolo oa "contrasting-composite form" (sheba mofuta oa 'Mino). E hatisitsoe ka Sat. "Frederic Chopin" (1960) lihlooho "Notes on Chopin's Musical Language" by VA Zukkerman, "Some Features of Chopin's Free Form Composition" by LA Mazel le "The Variation Method of Thematic Development in Chopin's Music" by Vl. V. Protopopov e fana ka bopaki ba boemo bo phahameng ba A. m., bo fihletsoeng ke litsebi tsa 'mino tsa Soviet Union.

A. m. e sebelisoa kamehla thutong le thutong. itloaetsa. Thuto ea e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea litaba tsa 'mino-theoretical. cycle (theory ea motheo ea 'mino, solfeggio, kutloano, polyphony, instrumentation) e na le likarolo tse tharo: khopolo ea sehlooho, e sebetsang. likabelo le tlhahlobo ea mmino. tlhahiso. kapa tse qotsitsoeng. Nakong ea thuto ea motheo ea tlhahlobo ea 'mino. karolo ke tlhahlobo ea likarolo tse bonolo tsa 'mino. mesebetsi - tonality, boholo, lihlopha ka har'a mekoallo, matla. le tse bohloko. shades, joalo-joalo; thupelong ea solfeggio - tlhahlobo ea kutlo ea linako, boholo, likhetho, ho kheloha le ho feto-fetoha ha molumo ka har'a likaroloana tse nyane tsa 'mino. tlhahiso; lithutong tsa kutloano, polyphony, instrumentation - tlhahlobo ea bonono e tsamaellanang le likarolo tse itseng tsa kharikhulamo. disampole (tshekatsheko ya diletsa - sheba Instrumentation). Libuka le libuka tse ngata tse mabapi le litaba tsena li na le likarolo tsa profil ea analytical; ho na le libuka tse arohaneng tsa harmonica. le polyphonic. tlhatlhobo.

Nakong ea pele ho phetohelo le lilemong tsa pele ka mor'a phetohelo ho ne ho e-na le sehlooho se reng "Analysis of muses. liforomo”, e ileng ea fokotsoa ho tlhaloso ea liqapi. mefuta ea 'mino e sebetsa ka ho e tlisa tlas'a e' ngoe ea lenane le lekanyelitsoeng la merero e fumanehang bukeng ea thuto. Ka nako e ts'oanang, tlhokomelo e fokolang e ne e lefshoa ho mekhoa e hlalosang maikutlo, mekhoa ea tsoelo-pele ea sehlooho. Naheng ea Russia, libuka tsa pele tse ileng tsa fumana tšebeliso thutong ea mefuta ea 'mino e ne e le mesebetsi ea "Khopolo ea 'Mino" ea G. Hess de Calve (1818), "Textbook on Composition" ka I. Fuchs (1830) le "Tlhahiso e Feletseng ea Ho Hlama Mmino” ka IK Gunke (1859-63). Ka 1883-84, liphetolelo tsa Serussia tsa Buka ea Liforomo tsa 'Mino oa Instrumental (Musikalische Formenlehre, 1878) ke setsebi sa' mino sa Lejeremane L. Busler se ile sa hlaha, ka 1901 - libuka tsa mofuputsi oa Senyesemane E. Prout, tse hatisitsoeng ka meqolo e 'meli tlas'a lihlooho tsa Musical. Foromo (Foromo ea 'Mino", 1891, phetolelo ea Serussia 1900) le "Liforomo tse sebelisitsoeng" ("Liforomo tse sebelisitsoeng", 1895, phetolelo ea Serussia bg).

Ho tsoa mesebetsing ea Serussia. lipalo tsa ’mino li hlahella: Buka ea AS Arensky “A Guide to the Study of the Forms of the Instrumental and Vocal Music” (1893-94), e neng e fupere litlhaloso tsa mefuta e meholo ea ’mino ka mokhoa o hatisitsoeng le o nolofalitsoeng; ho ithuta ka GL Catoire "Musical Form" (likarolo tsa 1-2, 1934-36), e leng lilemong tsa bo-30. E ne e boetse e sebelisoa e le buka ea litsebi tsa 'mino.

Katleho ea tsoelo-pele ea 'mino oa malapeng ka mor'a Phetohelo e Khōlō ea October e ile ea kenya letsoho tabeng ea ho thunya ka potlako ha thuto ea' mino. sebopeho. Sena se ile sa lebisa tokisong e matla ea tsela e tloaelehileng ea A. m. Thupelo e ncha e thehiloe lilemong tsa bo-30. baprofesa ba Moscow Conservatory VA Zukkerman, LA Mazel, I. Ya. Ryzhkin; Setsing sa Conservatory sa Leningrad, mosebetsi o tšoanang o ile oa etsoa ke VV Shcherbachev, Yu. N. Tyulin, le BA Arapov. Thupelo ena e ne e ipapisitse le boiphihlelo bo bokelletsoeng ke thuto ea 'mino oa theory libakeng tsohle, pele ho tsohle, thutong ea mofuta oa' mino.

Ka lebaka leo, boholo ba thupelo ea pele ea koetliso bo ile ba atolosoa haholo, 'me eena ka boeena a phahamisetsoa boemong bo phahameng ba saense. sethala - sepheo sa eona sa mantlha e ne e le tlhahlobo e felletseng (e akaretsang).

Mesebetsi e mecha e behiloeng nakong ea A. m. ho ne ho hlokahala libuka tse ncha le lithuso tsa ho ruta, tse eketsehileng tsa saense. nts'etsopele ea mokhoa oa ho hlahloba. E se e le ka sephooko sa pele. buka, e reretsoeng lithuto tse akaretsang tsa A. m., - buka ea IV Sposobina "Musical Form" (1947), ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng. tatellano e nkoa e le e hlakileng. mekhoa le ka botlalo bo boholo metheo eohle e koahetsoe. mefuta. Buka ea SS Skrebkov "Analysis ea mesebetsi ea 'mino" (1958) e na le khopolo-taba. maemo a fanang ka mosebetsi ona likarolo tsa thuto (mohlala, tlhahlobo ea nts'etsopele ea intra-thematic le karolo e ncha ea ho utloisisa "sonata" e le molao-motheo o tsotehang). Tlalehong. Buka ea LA Mazel "The Structure of Musical Works" (1960) e ile ea hlahisa khopolo e ncha ea nako eo, e akaretsa phihlelo ea kutloisiso e sebetsang ea foromo ena (mehato ea pele ka tsela ena e nkiloe mesebetsing ea E. Prout le GL Catoire. ), khopolo ea mefuta e tsoakaneng, e entsoeng ke E. Prout. Ka 1965, tlas'a bohlophisi ba kakaretso ba Yu. N. Tyulin o ile a hatisa buka ea Leningrad. bangoli ba "Musical Form". Ho ea ka mantsoe le mahlale a mang. melao-motheo, e fapane haholo le libuka tsa Moscow. bangoli (bakeng sa liphapang tsena, bona sehlooho se reng Musical form).

Buka ea LA Mazel le VA Zuckerman "Analysis of Musical Works" bakeng sa mafapha a 'mino oa li-conservatories (Khatiso ea 1, 1967) e akaretsa leruo la boiphihlelo bo sebetsang. le mosebetsi oa mahlale o bokelletsoeng ke bangoli ba oona.

Mesebetsi ea litsebi tsa 'mino e kenya letsoho ntlafatsong ea bobeli mokhoa oa ho hlahloba' mino ka boeona le mokhoa oa ho hlahloba mesebetsi ea 'mino.

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VP Bobrovsky