Nikolai Peyko |

Nikolai Peyko

Ke tsota talenta ea hae e le mosuoe le moqapi, ke mo nka e le monna ea bohlale bo phahameng le ea hloekileng moeeng. S. Gubaidlina

Mosebetsi o mong le o mong o mocha oa N. Peiko o tsosa thahasello ea 'nete ea bamameli, e fetoha ketsahalo bophelong ba' mino e le ketsahalo e khanyang le ea pele ea setso sa naha sa bonono. Ho kopana le 'mino oa moqapi ke monyetla oa puisano ea moea le batho ba mehleng ea rona, ho hlahloba ka botebo le ka botebo mathata a boitšoaro a lefatše le potolohileng. Moqapi o sebetsa ka thata le ka matla, ka sebete a tseba mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea 'mino. O thehile li-symphonies tse 8, palo e kholo ea mesebetsi bakeng sa liletsa tsa 'mino oa liletsa, li-ballet tse 3, opera, li-cantatas, li-oratorio, mesebetsi ea liletsa le mantsoe,' mino oa litšoantšiso tsa theatrical, lifilimi, liphatlalatso tsa seea-le-moea.

Peiko o hlahetse lelapeng le bohlale. Bocheng le bocheng, lithuto tsa hae tsa 'mino e ne e le tsa mofuta o sa tloaelehang. Seboka sa monyetla le G. Litinsky, ea ileng a ananela haholo talenta ea mohlankana eo, o ile a fetola qetello ea Peiko: e ile ea e-ba seithuti sa lefapha la ho qaptjoa ha k'holejeng ea 'mino,' me ka 1937 o ile a amoheloa selemong sa boraro sa Moscow Conservatory, eo ho eona a ileng a fumana lengolo sehlopheng sa N. Myaskovsky. E se e le lilemong tsa bo-40. Peiko o ile a iponahatsa e le moqapi oa talenta e khanyang le ea pele, hape e le motho oa sechaba, hape e le mokhanni. Mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea 40-50s. pakela bokhoni bo ntseng bo hola; khethong ea lihlooho, merero, mehopolo, ho phela ha kelello, tebello ea bohlokoa, lithahasello tsa bokahohleng, bophara ba pono le setso se phahameng li ntse li bonahala.

Peiko ke sebini sa lipina tse tsoetsoeng. E se e ntse e le mosebetsing oa pele oa symphonic, likarolo tsa setaele sa hae li ikemiselitse, tse khetholloang ka motsoako oa tsitsipano ea ka hare ea mohopolo le polelo ea eona e thibetsoeng. Tšobotsi e tsotehang ea mosebetsi oa Peiko ke ho ipiletsa meetlong ea sechaba ea batho ba lefats'e. Phapang ea lithahasello tsa ethnographic e ile ea bonahatsoa ho thehoeng ha opera ea pele ea Bashkir "Aikhylu" (hammoho le M. Valeev, 1941), sehlopheng sa "From Yakut Legends", "Moldavian Suite", ka Likotoana tse Supileng ka Lihlooho. ea Peoples of the USSR, joalo-joalo Libukeng tsena mongoli o ne a khannoa ke takatso ea ho bonahatsa sejoale-joale ka prism ea mehopolo ea 'mino le ea thothokiso ea batho ba lichaba tse fapaneng.

60-70s Ke nako ea katleho ea boqapi le kholo. Joan oa Arc oa ballet o ile a tlisa botumo naheng e 'ngoe, eo pōpo ea eona e neng e etelletsoe pele ke mosebetsi o boima oa mehloli ea mantlha - 'mino oa setso le oa setsebi oa mehleng ea khale oa Fora. Nakong ena, sehlooho sa lerato la naha sa mosebetsi oa hae se ile sa thehoa 'me sa utloahala ka matla, se amahanngoa le boipiletso ho liemahale tsa histori le setso sa batho ba Russia, liketso tsa bona tsa bahale nakong ea ntoa e fetileng. Har'a mesebetsi ena ke oratorio "The Night of Tsar Ivan" (e thehiloeng pale ea AK Tolstoy "The Silver Prince"), potoloho ea symphonic "In the Strade of War". Lilemong tsa bo-80. tumellanong le tataiso ena, tse latelang li ile tsa bōptjoa: oratorio "Matsatsi a lintoa tsa khale" e thehiloeng seemahaleng sa lingoliloeng tsa khale tsa Serussia "Zadonshchina", kamore ea cantata "Pinezhie" e thehiloeng mesebetsing ea F. Abramov.

Lilemong tsena tsohle, 'mino oa liletsa o tsoela pele ho nka sebaka se ka sehloohong mosebetsing oa moqapi. Lisymphoni tsa hae tsa Bone le tsa Bohlano, e leng Symphony Concerto, e hlahisang lineano tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa symphony ea khale ea Serussia, e ile ea fumana mohoo o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa sechaba. Phapang ea mefuta le mefuta ea mantsoe e amoheloang ke Peiko ea hlolla. Mesebetsi ea lentsoe le piano (ea lilemo tse fetang 70) e kenyelletsa takatso ea kutloisiso ea boitšoaro le filosofi ea litemana tsa thothokiso tsa A. Blok, S. Yesenin, liroki tsa mehleng ea khale tsa Machaena le tsa kajeno tsa Amerika. Mohoo o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa sechaba o ile oa amoheloa ke mesebetsi e thehiloeng litemaneng tsa liroki tsa Soviet Union - A. Surkov, N. Zabolotsky, D. Kedrin, V. Nabokov.

Peiko o thabela bolaoli bo sa tsitsang har'a baqapi ba bacha. Ho tloha sehlopheng sa hae ('me esale a ruta ho tloha ka 1942 Moscow Conservatory, ho tloha ka 1954 Setsing sa Gnessin) ho ile ha hlaha sehlopha sa linaleli sa libini tse nang le setso se phahameng (E. Ptichkin, E. Tumanyan, A. Zhurbin, le ba bang).

L. Rapatskaya

Liqapi:

mino oa opera Aikhylu (e hlophisitsoeng ke MM Valeev, 1943, Ufa; 2nd ed., mongoli-'moho, 1953, e phethiloe); ballet – Meea ea selemo (hammoho le 3. V. Khabibulin, e thehiloeng bukeng ea K. Nadzhimy, 1950), Jeanne d'Arc (1957, Musical Theater e bitsoang ka mor'a Stanislavsky le Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow), Birch Grove (1964) ; bakeng sa libini tse letsang libini, k'hoaere le 'mino oa liletsa – Cantata Builders of the Future (lyrics by NA Zabolotsky, 1952), oratorio The Night of Tsar Ivan (kamora AK Tolstoy, 1967); bakeng sa okhestra - li-symphonies (1946; 1946-1960; 1957; 1965; 1969; 1972; concert-symphony, 1974), li-suites Ho tsoa ho litšōmo tsa Yakut (1940; 2nd 1957), Ho tloha mehleng ea khale ea Russia; 1948 ea khale. Moldavian suite (2), symphonietta (1963), mefuta e fapaneng (1950), likotoana tse 1940 lihloohong tsa batho ba USSR (1947), Symphonic ballad (7), overture To the world (1951), Capriccio (bakeng sa symphonic e nyane. orc., 1959); bakeng sa piano le okhestra – konsarete (1954); bakeng sa violin le 'mino oa liletsa - Concert Fantasy on Finnish Themes (1953), 2nd Concert Fantasy (1964); li-ensembles tsa liletsa tsa kamore - likhoele tse 3. quartet (1963, 1965, 1976), fp. quintet (1961), decimet (1971); bakeng sa piano – 2 sonatas (1950, 1975), 3 sonatas (1942, 1943, 1957), mefuta e fapaneng (1957), joalo-joalo; bakeng sa lentsoe le piano – hantle. cycles Heart of a Warrior (mantsoe a Soviet liroki, 1943), Harlem Night Sounds (mantsoe a US liroki, 1946-1965), 3 music. pictures (lyrics by SA Yesenin, 1960), Lyric cycle (lyrics by G. Apollinaire, 1961), 8 wok. lithothokiso le triptych Hoetla landschap litemaneng tsa HA Zabolotsky (1970, 1976), marato ka mantsoe. AA Blok (1944-65), Bo-Jui-i (1952) le ba bang; 'mino oa litšoantšiso tsa litšoantšiso. t-ra, lifilimi le mananeo a seea-le-moea.

Mesebetsi ea bongoli: Mabapi le 'mino oa Yakuts "SM", 1940, No 2 (le I. Shteiman); Symphony ea bo27 ea N. Ya. Myaskovsky, bukeng: N. Ya. Myaskovsky. Lingoloa, mangolo, memoirs, vol. 1, M., 1959; Mehopolo ea tichere, ibid.; G. Berlioz - R. Strauss - S. Gorchakov. Khatisong ea Serussia ea "Treatise" ea Berlioz, "SM", 1974, No 1; Liletsa tse peli tse nyane. (Tlhahlobo ea litšoantšiso tsa O. Messiaen le V. Lutoslavsky), ho Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 9, M., 1975.

References: Belyaev V., mesebetsi ea Symphonic ea N. Peiko, "SM", 1947, No 5; Boganova T., Mabapi le 'mino oa N. Peiko, ibid., 1962, No 2; Grigoryeva G., NI Peiko. Moscow, 1965. ea hae, Vocal Lyrics ka N. Peiko le potoloho ea hae litemaneng tsa N. Zabolotsky, ho Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 8, M., 1974.