Sistimi ea molumo oa kotara |

Sistimi ea kotara, 'mino oa kotara

Jeremane Vierteltonmusik, Senyesemane. mmino wa kotara, mmino wa Sefora en quarts de ton, ital. musica a quarti di tono

Mofuta o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa microchromatics, tsamaiso ea molumo (kharohano), eo tekanyo ea eona e nang le melumo e hlophisitsoeng ka lithane tsa kotara. Octave ho Ch. e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo ea molumo oa 24 (joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ke MV Matyushin, "The system of double chromatism"). Ka ho toba. Ch. s likhaohano, ho phaella ho li-quarter-tones tse bonolo, li kenyelletsa li-derivative (composite) micro-intervals - 3/4 tones, 5/4 tones, 7/4 tones, joalo-joalo Ha u hlokomela li-microtones tsa Ch. ho sebelisoa litlhaku tse khethehileng (sheba tafole).

Hape ho na le linotlolo tse khethehileng:

("senotlolo se phahameng") - ts'ebetso ea e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa sekhechana sa molumo oa 1/4 holimo,

("konopo e tlase") - 1/4 molumo o tlase. Mefuta e tloaelehileng haholo ea tlhaloso ea chis ke: melismatic (microtones e le mokhabiso oa melodic, ho bina ha metheo e meholo), ho hatakela (li-microtones e le mehato e ikemetseng le e lekanang ea tsamaiso), sonoristic (microtones e le karolo ea li-complexes tsa timbre-sound tse sebelisoang e le likarolo tse nyane tse ikemetseng; bona Sonorism).

Lintlha Ch. qalong e ile ea fetoha 'mino. itloaetse 'me li ile tsa amoheloa ka theory mehleng ea khale e le li-enharmonic microintervals. leloko (sheba Enarmonics). Melumo ea kotara e ne e tolokoa ho pina ea pele. ka tsela e makatsang. (Bakeng sa mohlala oa “enbrmona” ea Segerike ea boholo-holo, bona sehlooho Melodiya) Linako Ch. li sebelisoa 'mino oa setso oa palo e itseng ea Bochabela. batho (Maarabia, Maturkey, Ma-Irani).

Mehleng e Bohareng, likarolo tsa Ch. ka nako e 'ngoe e fumanoa joalo ka echo ea khale. li-enarmonics. Boiteko ba ho fetisetsa li-frets tsa Segerike (le genera) mehleng ea kajeno. mokhoa ona o ile oa tlisoa ke libini tse ling tsa lekholong la bo16 le la bo17 la lilemo. ho ts'ebeliso ea lithane tsa kotara (tlhalosong ea melismatic, bona tafole, hammoho le mohatong o mong, bona mohlala ho kholomong ea 524). Bosiung ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo bo ile ba tšoauoa ka leqhubu le lecha la thahasello ho Ch. le ho microchromatics ka kakaretso (har'a tsa pele ke liteko tsa AJ Gruss). Ka 1892 buka ea GA Behrens-Zenegalden e buang ka Ch. (e hlalositsoe e se e ntse e le ka kutloisiso e ncha ka ho fetisisa, e le tsamaiso ea mehato ea 24), eo ho eona ho ileng ha hlahisoa seletsa se lumellanang ("achromatische Klavier"), ka 1898 J. Fulds o ile a qapa quartet ea khoele ea kotara. Lilemong tsa bo-1900-1910. ho Ch. Baqapi R. Stein, W. Möllendorff, IA Vyshnegradsky, C. Ives, le ba bang ba ile ba etsa kopo. Moqapi oa Czech le setsebi sa khopolo-taba A. Khaba. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ea pele e sebetsa ka Ch. Russia (MV Matyushin, AS Lurie). Lilemong tsa bo-20. Lekholong la bo20 la lilemo Ch. s. o ithutile le ho tseba boqhetseke ba morubisi. baqapi le litsebi tsa theorists (liqapi tsa GM Rimsky-Korsakov, AA Kenel, NA Malakhovskii; mesebetsi ea theory ka GM Rimsky-Korsakov, VM Belyaev, AM Avraamov le ba bang.). Lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa Ch. e amohetse ka mor'a Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefatše 2-1939: ka moralo oa mehleng ea kajeno. chromatic tonality (45 semitones theha mofuta oa "diatonic" mabapi le kotara-tones), ka seo ho thoeng ke. mahala atonality, mabapi le serial, haholo-holo ka tlhaloso ea sonoristic ea Ch. P. Boulez, M. Kagel, S. Bussotti, A. Zimmerman, le baqapi ba ’maloa ba Masoviet ba ile ba bua le eena. Mohlala oa Ch. (molumo o mebala-bala oa liletsa tse likhoele o nang le phello e hlakileng ea ho feheloa ha bonolo):

EV Denisov. Trio bakeng sa violin, cello le pianoforte, motsamao oa pele, mekoallo 1-28.

References: Matyushin MV, Tataiso ea boithuto ba lithane tsa kotara bakeng sa fiolo, ..., 1915; Lurie A., Ho 'mino oa chromatism e phahameng, ka Sat.: "Sagittarius", P., 1915; Belyaev VM, 'mino oa Quarter-tone, "Bophelo ba Art", 1925, No 18; Rimsky-Korsakov GM, Tokafatso ea tsamaiso ea 'mino oa kotara, "De musica", Sat. 1, L., 1925; Kapelyush BN, Archives of MV Matyushin le EG Guro, bukeng: Yearbook of the Manuscript Department of the Pushkin House for 1974, L., 1976; Vicentino N., L antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica, Roma, 1555, facsimile. ed., Kassel, 1959; Behrens-Senegalden GA, Die Vierteltöne in der Musik, B., 1892; Wellek A., Viertelton und Fortschritt, “NZfM”, 1925, Jahrg. 92; Wyschnegradsky I., 'Mino oa Quartertonal…, "Pro Musica Quarterly", 1927; ea hae, Manuel d harmonie a quarts de ton, P., (1932); Haba A., Flügel und Klavier der Vierteltonmusik, “Die Musik”, 1928, Jahrg. 21, H. 3; hae, Mein Weg zur Viertel- und Sechstelton-Musik, Düsseldorf, 1971; Schneider S., Mikrotöne in der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts, Bonn, 1975; Gojowy D., Neue sowjetische Musik der 20-en Jahre, (Laaber), 1980; Ludvová J., Anton Joseph Gruss (1816-1893) le jeho ctvrttуny, "Hudebnin veda", 1980, No 2.

Yu. N. Kholopov