Стнислав Монюшко (Stanisław Moniuszko) |

Stanisław Moniuszko

Moqapi ea ipabolang oa Lepolishe S. Moniuszko ke moetsi oa lipina tsa 'mino oa opera oa naha oa khale. Mosebetsi oa hae o ile oa nka litšobotsi tsa 'mino oa setso oa Mapolesa, Ukraine le Belarus. Ho tloha bongoaneng, Moniuszko o ile a ba le monyetla oa ho tloaelana le litloaelo tsa batho ba futsanehileng tsa batho ba Slavic. Batsoali ba hae ba ne ba rata bonono, ba e-na le litalenta tse sa tšoaneng tsa bonono. 'M'ae o ile a ruta moshanyana' mino, ntate oa hae e ne e le sebini sa mahlale. Hangata litšoantšiso tsa lapeng li ne li etsoa, ​​​​'me lerato la Stanislav bakeng sa lebala la liketsahalo, le hlahileng ho tloha bongoaneng, le ile la feta bophelong bohle ba hae.

Ha a le lilemo li 8, Moniuszko o ile a ea Warsaw - lilemo tsa thuto li qala. O ithuta ho tsoa ho moletsi oa ogani le moletsi oa piano A. Freyer. Ka 1830, Stanislav o ile a fallela Minsk, moo a ileng a kena ka gymnasium 'me a ithuta ho qapa le D. Stefanovich,' me tlas'a tšusumetso ea hae qetellong o ile a etsa qeto ea ho khetha 'mino e le mosebetsi oa hae.

Moniuszko o ile a qeta thuto ea hae ea 'mino Berlin, Sekolong sa Singing Academy (1837-40). O ipabola mosebetsing le k'hoaere le 'mino oa liletsa, o fumana setšoantšo se felletseng sa setso sa 'mino (haholo-holo se sebetsang) sa Europe. Lilemong tsena, mesebetsi ea pele e ikemetseng e ile ea hlaha: boima, li-quartet tsa likhoele tse 2, Lipina tse tharo ho St. A. Mickiewicz, 'mino oa litšoantšiso. Ka 1840-58. Moniuszko o lula Vilna (Vilnius). Mona, hole le litsi tse kholo tsa 'mino, talenta ea hae e feto-fetohang e senoloa. O sebetsa e le sebini sa Kereke ea St. John's (sebopeho sa organ Lipina Tsa Kereke ea Rona se amana le sena), o etsa e le motsamaisi oa likonsarete tsa symphony le ntlong ea opera, o ngola lingoliloeng, 'me o fana ka lithuto tsa piano. Har’a liithuti tsa hae ke moqapi oa Lerussia C. Cui, e mong oa bankakarolo bukeng ea Mighty Handful. Ho sa tsotellehe mathata a maholo a lichelete, Moniuszko o ile a sebetsa le eena mahala. Botho ba moqapi bo ile ba qala ho iponahatsa mefuteng ea lipina le leratong. Ka 1841 ho ile ha hatisoa Buka ea pele ea Pina ea Moniuszko (ho na le tse 12 ka kakaretso). Lipina tse entsoeng Vilna li lokiselitse haholo mokhoa oa li-opera tsa hae tsa nakong e tlang.

Katleho e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea Moniuszko ke opera ea Lejoana. Ena ke pale e bohloko ka ngoanana e monyane oa mofutsana, ea thetsitsoeng ke mohlomphehi ea khabane. Botšepehi le mofuthu oa 'mino, ho ba le melumo e monate li ile tsa etsa hore opera ena e ratoe haholo-holo le ho ratoa ke Mapolesa. "Lejoana lejoe" le ile la etsoa Vilna ka 1848. Katleho ea eona e ile ea tlisa botumo ho setsebi sa profinse. Empa lilemo tse 10 hamorao, opera e ncha, e ntlafalitsoeng haholo e ile ea etsoa Warsaw. Letsatsi la tlhahiso ena (January 1, 1858) le nkoa e le tsoalo ea opera ea khale ea Poland.

Ka 1858, Moniuszko o ile a etela linaheng lisele Jeremane, Fora le Czech Republic (ha a ntse a le Weimar, o ile a etela F. Liszt). Ka nako e tšoanang, moqapi o ile a memeloa mosebetsing oa mokhanni ea ka sehloohong oa Belki Theater (Warsaw), eo a ileng ae tšoara ho fihlela qetellong ea matsatsi a hae. Ho phaella moo, Moniuszko ke moprofesa Setsing sa 'Mino (1864-72), moo a rutang litlelase ka ho hlophisoa, kutloano le counterpoint (har'a liithuti tsa hae ke moqapi Z. Noskovsky). Moniuszko hape ke sengoli sa Sekolo sa Piano le buka ea tumellano.

Litšoantšiso tsa khafetsa le likonsarete tsa mongoli St. Petersburg li ile tsa tlisa Moniuszko haufi le baqapi ba Serussia - e ne e le motsoalle oa M. Gliyaki le A. Dargomyzhsky. Mosebetsi o motle ka ho fetisisa oa Moniuszko o amahanngoa haholo-holo le mefuta eo e sa kang ea angoa ke sehlopha se seholo sa Poland sa F. Chopin kapa se sa kang sa fumana tsoelo-pele e kholo ho eena - ka opera le pina. Moniuszko o thehile li-opera tse 15. Ho phaella ho Pebbles, mesebetsi ea hae e ntle ka ho fetisisa e kenyelletsa The Enchanted Castle (The Terrible Yard - 1865). Moniuszko o ne a atisa ho retelehela ho li-comic opera (Yavnuta, The Timber Rafter), ballet (ho akarelletsa le Monte Cristo), operetta, 'mino oa lihlahisoa tsa lipapali (Hamlet ea W. Shakespeare, The Robbers) F. Schiller, vaudeville ka A. Fredro). E lula e hohela moqapi le mofuta oa cantata ("Milda", "Niola"). Lilemong tse latelang, li-cantata tse 3 li ile tsa bōptjoa ho mantsoe a A. Mickiewicz: "Ghosts" (e thehiloeng ho thothokiso e tsotehang "Dzyady"), "Crimean Sonnets" le "Mistress Tvardovskaya". Moniuszko o ile a boela a hlahisa karolo ea naha ea 'mino oa kereke (matšoele a 6, "litanies tse 4 tsa Ostrobramsky"), a rala motheo oa symphonism ea Poland (lenaneo la "Fairy Tale", "Kaine", joalo-joalo). Moqapi o ile a boela a ngola 'mino oa piano, o reretsoeng haholo-holo ho etsa' mino oa lapeng: li-polonaise, mazurkas, waltzes, libuka tse 2 tsa likotoana tsa "Trinkets".

Empa habohlokoa ka ho khetheha, hammoho le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea operatic, e ne e le ho hlophisoa ha lipina (c. 400), tseo moqapi a li kopantseng ho bokella - "Libuka tsa Lipina tsa Lehae". Lebitso la bona le ipuella: ona ke 'mino oa bophelo ba letsatsi le leng le le leng, o entsoeng eseng feela bakeng sa litsebi, empa hape le ba ratang' mino. “Ha ke etse letho le lecha. Ha ke ntse ke tsamaea ho pholletsa le linaha tsa Poland, ke tletse moea oa lipina tsa setso. Ho tsoa ho bona, khahlano le thato ea ka, ts'usumetso e tšollela liqapi tsohle tsa ka. Ka mantsoe ana Moniuszko o senola sephiri sa "sechaba" se tsotehang sa 'mino oa hae.

K. Zenkin

Liqapi:

opereishene – Ideal (Ideal, 1841), Carmagnola (Karmaniol, 1840), Yellow cap (Zulta szlafmyca, ca. 1842), Wonderful water (Woda cudowna, 1840s), Rural idyll (Sielanka, 1843, Spanish 1852st Pebbles), ... , 1), Enchanted Castle (Trrible Yard; Straszny dwur, 1848), Pariah (Paria, 2); operetta - Lottery (Loteria, 1843, Minsk; 1846, Warsaw), Ho hira (Pobur rekrutуw, 1842), Ntoa ea Libini (Walka muzykуw, 1840s), Yavnuta, kapa Gypsies (khatiso ea 1 tlas'a lebitso la Gypsies, 1850 , Vilnius, khatiso ea 1852nd tlas'a sehlooho sa Yavnuta, 2, Warsaw), Beata (melodrama, 1860, Warsaw); ballet – Monte Cristo (1866), Waiting (Na kwaterunku, 1868), Maqheka a Satane (Figle szatana, 1870); mmino wa ballet bakeng sa diopera The Merry Wives of Windsor ka O. Nicholas le The Bronze Horse ka D. Aubert; bakeng sa okhestra - Overtures Tale (Tale ea Mariha; Bajka, Conte d'hiver, 1848), Kaine, kapa Lefu la Abele (1856), Military Overture, kapa Beloved Hetman (Uwertura wojenna albo Kochanka hetmanska, 1857), Concert Polonaise (Polonez) ; bakeng sa mantsoe le okhestra - cantatas Milda (1848), Niola (1852), Krumine (e sa phethoa, 1852) - ho e latelang. Yu. Kraszewski, Madonna (1856), Ghosts (Widma, 1865), Crimean Sonnets (Sonety krymskie, 1868), Pani Tvardovskaya (1869), 6 boima (ho kenyeletsoa Petrovinskaya), 4 Ostrobramsky litanies (Litanie ostro1843 -55); li-ensembles tsa liletsa tsa kamore - likhoele tse 2. quartet (ho fihlela 1840); bakeng sa piano (hoo e ka bang lipapali tse 50) - Baubles (Fraszki, libuka tsa 2 tsa lipapali, 1843), 6 polonaises, waltzes, mazurkas; bakeng sa setho sa mmele – Dipina tsa kereke ya rona (Piesni naszego kosciola), dikhwaere, wok. lihlopha; bakeng sa lentsoe le piano - Sefela sa St. 400; 'mino oa litšoantšiso tsa terama ea litšoantšiso - bakeng sa vaudeville: A. Fredro "Bosiu Bosiu ka Apennines" (1839), "The New Don Quixote, kapa One Lekholo Madnesses" (1842, poso. 1923), ho poso. "Hamlet" le "The Merchant of Venice" ka Shakespeare, "Masholu" ka Schiller, "Carpathian Highlanders" ka Kozhenevsky, "Lilly Venedy" ka Y. Slovatsky.