Symphonism

Symphonism ke mohopolo o akaretsang o tsoang lentsoeng “symphony” (sheba Symphony), empa ha e amane le eona. Ka kutloisiso e pharaletseng, symphonism ke molao-motheo oa bonono oa filosofi ea kakaretso ea dialectical reflection ea bophelo bononong ba 'mino.

Symphony e le aesthetics molao-motheo o khetholloa ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho mathata a mak'hadinale a ho ba teng ha motho ha a senyeha. likarolo (kahisano le histori, maikutlo-saekholoji, joalo-joalo). Ka kutloisiso ena, simphonism e amahanngoa le lehlakore la maikutlo le litaba tsa 'mino. Ka nako e ts'oanang, khopolo ea "symphonism" e kenyelletsa boleng bo khethehileng ba mokhatlo o ka hare oa muses. tlhahiso, dramaturgy ea hae, sebopeho. Tabeng ena, thepa ea symphonism e hlahella e le mokhoa o ka senola ka ho teba le ka katleho mekhoa ea ho thehoa le ho hōla, ntoa ea melao-motheo e hanyetsanang ka ho sebelisa lentsoe-thematic. liphapang le likhokahano, dynamism le organicity ea muses. tsoelo-pele, litšoaneleho tsa eona. sephetho.

Nts'etsopele ea mohopolo oa "symphonism" ke boleng ba 'mino oa Soviet Union,' me ka holim'a tsohle BV Asafiev, ea ileng a e beha pele e le sehlopha sa limmapa. ho nahana. Ka lekhetlo la pele, Asafiev o ile a hlahisa khopolo ea symphonism sehloohong se reng "Litsela Tsa Bokamoso" (1918), e hlalosang moelelo oa eona e le "tsoelo-pele ea kutloisiso ea 'mino, ha ho se na ntho e le' ngoe e emoloang kapa e nkoang e ikemetse har'a ba bang kaofela. ” Ka mor'a moo, Asafiev o ile a theha metheo ea khopolo ea symphonism lipolelong tsa hae ka L. Beethoven, o sebetsa ho PI Tchaikovsky, MI Glinka, thuto ea "Musical Foromo e le Ts'ebetso", e bontšang hore symphonism ke "phetoho e kholo ea kelello le mokhoa. mehla ea nts'etsopele e ikemetseng ka 'mino oa mehopolo le menahano e ratehang ea moloko oa batho "(BV Asafiev," Glinka ", 1947). Mehopolo ea Asafiev e ile ea theha motheo oa ho ithuta mathata a symphonism ke liphooko tse ling. bangodi.

Symphonism ke sehlopha sa histori se fetileng ka nako e telele ea ho thehoa, e sebelisitsoeng nakong ea tsebo ea classicism mabapi le crystallization ea potoloho ea sonata-symphony le mefuta ea eona e tloaelehileng. Ts'ebetsong ena, bohlokoa ba sekolo sa khale sa Viennese bo boholo haholo. Qeto ea makhaola-khang ea ho hapa mokhoa o mocha oa ho nahana e etsahetse qalong ea lekholo la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo. Kamora ho fumana khothatso e matla mehopolong le linthong tse finyeletsoeng ke Great French. phetohelo ea 1789-94, tsoelo-pele ea eona. filosofi, eo ka tieo e ileng ea retelehela ho dialectics (tsoelo-pele ea monahano oa filosofi le botle bo botle ho tloha likarolong tsa dialectics ho I. Kant ho GWF Hegel), S. o ile a tsepamisa mohopolo mosebetsing oa Beethoven 'me ea e-ba motheo oa bonono ba hae. ho nahana. S. e le mokhoa o ile oa ntlafatsoa haholo lekholong la bo19 le la bo20 la lilemo.

S. ke mohopolo oa mekhahlelo e mengata, o amanang le palo e 'ngoe ea bokhabane bo akaretsang. le maikutlo a theory, mme ka holim'a tsohle ka mohopolo oa 'mino. dramaturgy. Lipontšong tsa eona tse atlehang ka ho fetisisa, tse tsepamisitsoeng (ka mohlala, Beethoven, Tchaikovsky), S. e bonahatsa mekhoa ea litšoantšiso (khanyetsano, kholo ea eona, e fetelang sethaleng sa likhohlano, tlhōrō, tharollo). Leha ho le joalo, ka kakaretso, S. e tobile haholoanyane. kakanyo e akaretsang ya “terama ya terama”, e emeng ka hodimo ho terama jwaloka S. ka hodima simfoni, e na le kamano. Letsoao. mokgoa o senolwa ka sena kapa mofuta oo wa mesupa. dramaturgy, ke hore, mokhoa oa ho sebelisana ha litšoantšo ho nts'etsopele ea tsona, ho tiisa sebopeho sa phapang le bonngoe, tatellano ea mehato ea ketso le sephetho sa eona. Ka nako e ts'oanang, papaling ea symphony dramaturgy, moo ho se nang morero o tobileng, litlhaku-libapali, concretization ena e ntse e le ka har'a moralo oa polelo e akaretsang ea 'mino (ha ho se na lenaneo, mongolo oa mantsoe).

Mefuta ea 'mino. dramaturgy e ka fapana, empa ho tlisa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona boemong ba symphony. mekhoa ea hlokahala. boleng. Letsoao. tsoelo-pele e ka ba ka potlako le ka matla a loantšanang kapa, ka lehlakoreng le leng, butle-butle le butle-butle, empa kamehla ke mokhoa oa ho finyella sephetho se secha, se bonahatsang motsamao oa bophelo ka bobona.

Tsoelo-pele, e leng motheo oa S., ha e akarelletse feela mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho nchafatsa, empa hape le bohlokoa ba litšoaneleho. liphetoho tsa 'mino oa pele. menahano (lihlooho kapa lihlooho), thepa e teng ho eona. Ho fapana le kopano ea suite ea lihlooho tse fapaneng-litšoantšo, kopano ea tsona, bakeng sa simfoni. Dramaturgy e khetholloa ke mohopolo o joalo (tataiso), eo karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e latelang - ho fapana kapa ho pheta-pheta boemong bo bocha - ho latela e fetileng e le "e 'ngoe ea eona" (Hegel), e ntseng e hōla "ka spiral". "Tsamaiso ea sebopeho" e sebetsang e bōptjoa ho ea ho sephetho, sephetho, ho tsoela pele ha sebopeho sa eona, "ho re hula ka mokhoa o sa khathaleng ho tloha bohareng ho ea bohareng, ho tloha katlehong ho fihlela katlehong - ho fihlela qetellong" (Igor Glebov, 1922). E 'ngoe ea mefuta ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea symphony. dramaturgy e ipapisitse le ho thulana le nts'etsopele ea melao-motheo e hanyetsanang. tsitsipano e ea phahama, e fihla sehlohlolong le ho fokotseha, liphapang le boitsebahatso, likhohlano le tharollo ea eona li theha tsamaiso e matla ea likamano ho eona, sepheo sa eona se totobatsoang ke lentsoe. tie-arches, mokhoa oa ho "feta" sehlohlolong, joalo-joalo Ts'ebetso ea matšoao. ntshetsopele mona ke dialectical ka ho fetisisa, logic ea eona ha e le hantle e ka tlaase ho triad: thesis - antithesis - synthesis. Polelo e tsepameng ya dialectic ya symph. mokhoa - fp. sonata No. 23 ka Beethoven, setšoantšiso sa sonata, se nang le maikutlo a bahale. ntoa. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea karolo ea 1 e na le ka matla litšoantšo tsohle tse fapaneng, tseo hamorao li ileng tsa qabana (molao-motheo oa "motho e mong"), 'me thuto ea bona e theha potoloho ea ka hare ea tsoelo-pele (ho pepeseha, nts'etsopele, ts'ebetso) eketsa empa tsitsipano, e lebisang mothating oa ho fihla sehlohlolong - kopanyo ea metheo ea likhohlano khoutu. Boemong bo bocha, logic ea dramaturgy. liphapang tsa 1st motsamao hlaha ka ho hlophisoa ha sonata ka kakaretso (kamano ea ka sehloohong sublime Andante le lehlakoreng karolo ea 1st motsamao, qetello ea setsokotsane le karolo ea ho qetela). Moelelo oa ho fapana ho joalo ke molao-motheo o thehileng simphony. Monahano oa Beethoven. O fihla tekanyong e khethehileng tšoantšisong ea hae ea mohale. li-symphonies - ea 5 le ea 9. Mohlala o hlakileng oa S. tšimong ea maikutlo a lerato. sonatas - Chopin ea b-moll sonata, hape e thehiloe ho nts'etsopele ea dramaturgy. khohlano ea karolo ea 1 ka har'a potoloho eohle (leha ho le joalo, ka tataiso e fapaneng ea tsoelo-pele e akaretsang ho feta ea Beethoven - eseng ho ea qetellong ea heroic - sehlohlolong, empa ho ea ho epilogue e khutšoanyane e bohloko).

Joalokaha lentsoe lena ka boeona le bontša, S. e akaretsa mekhoa ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e kentsoeng ka sonata-symphony. potoloho le mmino. mefuta ea likarolo tsa eona (tseo le tsona li ileng tsa nka mekhoa e fapaneng ea nts'etsopele e fumanehang ka mefuta e meng, mohlala, ho fapana, polyphonic), - ka tsela ea tšoantšetso. mahloriso, hangata likarolong tse 2 tsa polar, ho itšetlehile ka phapang le bonngoe, morero oa tsoelo-pele ho tloha ho fapana le ho kopanya. Leha ho le joalo, khopolo ea S. ho hang ha e fokotsoe ho sonata morero; letsoao. mokhoa o tsoile meeli. mefuta le mefuta, joalo ka ha e senola ka botlalo thepa ea bohlokoa ea 'mino ka kakaretso e le mokhoa oa ts'ebetso, oa nakoana (monahano oa Asafiev, ea nkang mofuta oa' mino e le ts'ebetso, oa bontša). S. o fumana ponahatso ka ho fetisisa mefuta e fapaneng. mefuta le mefuta - ho tloha ho symphony, opera, ballet ho ea ho lerato kapa instr e nyenyane. litšoantšiso (mohlala, lerato la Tchaikovsky "Hape, joalo ka pele ..." kapa selelekela sa Chopin ho d-moll se khetholloa ke keketseho ea symphonic khatellong ea maikutlo le ea kelello, e e tlisang sehlohlolong), ho tloha ho sonata, phapang e kholo ho isa ho strophic e nyane. mefuta (mohlala, pina ea Schubert "Double").

Ka nepo o ile a bitsa lithuto tsa hae tsa mefuta-futa bakeng sa symphonic ea piano. R. Schumann (hamorao le eena o ile a reha mefuta ea hae e fapaneng bakeng sa piano le okhestra ea S. Frank). Mehlala e hlakileng ea symphony ea mefuta e fapaneng e thehiloeng ho molao-motheo oa nts'etsopele e matla ea litšoantšo ke qetello ea li-symphonies tsa Beethoven tsa 3 le 9, passacaglia ea ho qetela ea symphony ea 4 ea Brahms, Ravel's Bolero, passacaglia ka sonata-symphony. lipotoloho tsa DD Shostakovich.

Letsoao. mokhoa o boetse o bonahala ka lentsoe le leholo-instr. mefuta; Kahoo, nts'etsopele ea mehopolo ea bophelo le lefu ka bongata ba h-moll ea Bach ke symphonic mabapi le ho tsepamisa mohopolo: ho hanyetsa litšoantšo ha ho etsoe mona ka mekhoa ea sonata, leha ho le joalo, matla le tlhaho ea phapang ea lentsoe le tonal e ka ba teng. ho atametsoa haufi le sonatas. Ha e felle feela ka ho fetella (ka sebopeho sa sonata) sa opera ea Mozart ea Don Giovanni, dramaturgy ea eona e tletseng khohlano e tsotehang ea lerato la Renaissance ea bophelo le matla a bohloko a tlamang a lefika, phetetso. Deep S. "Mofumahali oa Spades" ka Tchaikovsky, ho tloha ho hanyetsanang le lerato le takatso-papali, "likhang" tsa kelello le ho tsamaisa tsela eohle ea sebapali. ntshetsopele ho isa tlokotsing. denouement. Mohlala o fapaneng oa S., o hlahisitsoeng ka dramaturgy eseng ea bicentric, empa ea tatellano ea monocentric, ke opera ea Wagner Tristan le Isolde, e tsoelang pele ea tsitsipano ea maikutlo e ntseng e hola ka bomalimabe, e batlang e se na liqeto le ho putlama. Tsoelo-pele eohle e tsoelang pele ho tloha lentsoeng la pele le ntseng le tsoela pele - "lehlōmela" le tsoaloa ho tloha mohopolong o fapaneng le "Mofumahali oa Spades" - khopolo ea motsoako o ke keng oa qojoa oa lerato le lefu. Def. boleng ba S., bo hlahisitsoeng ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang oa organic melodic. kgolo, ka wok e nyane. foromo, e fumaneha ho "Casta diva" ho tsoa ho opera "Norma" ea Bellini. Ka hona, S. ka mofuta oa opera, mehlala e khanyang ka ho fetisisa e fumanehang mosebetsing oa litšoantšiso tse kholo tsa opera - WA Mozart le MI Glinka, J. Verdi, R. Wagner, PI Tchaikovsky le MP Mussorgsky, SS Prokofiev le DD Shostakovich - ho hang ha e fokotsoe ho orc. mmino. Ho opera, joalo ka symphony. prod., melao ea mahloriso ea limusiamo e sebetsa. dramaturgy e thehiloeng mohopolong oa bohlokoa oa kakaretso (mohlala, mohopolo oa "folk-heroic" ho Ivan Susanin oa Glinka, koluoa ​​​​e bohloko ea batho ba Mussorgsky's Khovanshchina), matla a phepelo ea ona, a theha mafito a likhohlano (haholo-holo. in ensembles) le qeto ea bona. E 'ngoe ea liponahatso tsa bohlokoa le tse khethollang lefatše ho opera ke ts'ebetsong e tsitsitseng le e tsitsitseng ea molao-motheo oa leitmotif (bona Leitmotif). Hangata molao-motheo ona o hōla ho ba tsamaiso eohle ea mantsoe a pheta-phetoang. libopeho, tšebelisano-'moho le phetoho ea tsona li senola matla a susumetsang a tšoantšiso, likamano tse tebileng tsa sesosa le phello ea matla ana (joaloka symphony). Ka mokhoa o tsoetseng pele haholo, symph. Ho hlophisoa ha litšoantšiso ka mokhoa oa leitmotif ho hlahisoa lipapaling tsa Wagner.

Lipontšo tsa matšoao. mokhoa, mefuta ea eona e khethehileng e fapane haholo. Ka tlhahiso ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng, mekhoa, lstorich. mehla le likolo tsa naha ka morero oa 1 ke tseo kapa litšoaneleho tse ling tsa symph. mokhoa - ho phatloha ha likhohlano, bohale ba liphapang kapa kholo ea tlhaho, bonngoe ba likhanyetsano (kapa mefuta-futa ea bonngoe), matla a matla a ts'ebetso kapa ho hasana ha eona, butle-butle. Phapang ea mekhoa ea symphony. tsoelo-pele e bonahala haholo ha ho bapisoa litšoantšiso tsa likhohlano. le lyric monologue. mefuta ea matšoao. dramaturgy. Ho etsa moeli pakeng tsa mefuta ea histori ea matšoao. dramaturgy, II Sollertinsky bitsa e mong oa bona Shakespearean, dialogic (L. Beethoven), tse ling - monologue (F. Schubert). Ho sa tsotellehe tloaelo e tsebahalang ea phapang e joalo, e hlahisa likarolo tse peli tsa bohlokoa tsa ketsahalo ena: S. e le tšoantšiso ea likhohlano. ketso le S. joalo ka pina. kapa enich. tlhaloso. Ketsahalong e 'ngoe, matla a fapaneng, a hanyetsanang, a ka pele, ka lehlakoreng le leng, khōlo ea ka hare, bonngoe ba tsoelo-pele ea maikutlo ea litšoantšo kapa li-channel tsa bona tse ngata (epic S.); ho e 'ngoe - ho hatisoa ka melao-motheo ea sonata dramaturgy, sepheo-thematic. nts'etsopele, lipuisano tsa lipuisano tsa melao-motheo e hanyetsanang (symphonism ea Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich), ho e 'ngoe - ho fapana, ho mela butle-butle ha mantsoe a macha. libopeho, joalo ka, ho etsa mohlala, ho sonatas le symphonies ea Schubert, hammoho le tse ling tse ngata. tlhahiso. I. Brahms, A. Bruckner, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev.

Phapang ea mefuta ea symphony. dramaturgy e boetse e khethoa ke hore na e laoloa ke mohopolo o tiileng oa ts'ebetso kapa tokoloho e lekanyelitsoeng ea tsoelo-pele e akaretsang (joalo ka lithothokiso tsa symphonic tsa Liszt, li-ballads tsa Chopin le litoro tsa f-moll), hore na ketso e sebelisoa ho sonata. - symphony. cycle kapa tse tsepamisitsoeng ka sebopeho sa karolo e le 'ngoe (bona, mohlala, mesebetsi e kholo ea karolo e le 'ngoe ea Liszt). Ho itšetlehile ka litaba tsa tšoantšetso le likarolo tsa 'mino. dramaturgy, re ka bua ka dec. mefuta ea S. - dramatic, lyrical, epic, genre, joalo-joalo.

Tekanyo ea concretization of ideological art. likhopolo tsa tlhahiso. ka thuso ea lentsoe, sebopeho sa maqhama a amanang le limuse. litšoantšo tse nang le liketsahalo tsa bophelo li etsa qeto ea ho arohana ha S. ho ea ka lenaneo le le sa tsitsang, hangata le hokahanngoa (symphonism ka Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich, A. Honegger).

Thutong ea mefuta ea S., potso ea ponahatso ho simfoni e bohlokoa. ho nahana ka molao-motheo oa theatrical - eseng feela mabapi le melao e akaretsang ea litšoantšiso, empa ka linako tse ling ka ho khetheha, ka mofuta oa morero oa ka hare, "fabularity" ea li-symphonies. ntshetsopele (ka mohlala, mesebetsing ea G. Berlioz le G. Mahler) kapa sebopeho sa liketsahalo tsa sebopeho sa tšoantšetso (symphonism ka Prokofiev, Stravinsky).

Mefuta ea S. e iponahatsa e sebelisana haufi-ufi. E, terama. S. lekholong la bo19 la lilemo. ntshetswa pele ka tataiso ea heroic-dramatic (Beethoven) le lyrical-dramatic (sehlohlolo sa mola ona ke symphonism Tchaikovsky). 'Mino oa Austria o ile oa khantša mofuta oa li-lyric-epic S., ho tloha symphony ho C-dur ka Schubert ho ea mosebetsing. Brahms le Bruckner. Epic le litšoantšiso li sebelisana ho simphony ea Mahler. Kakaretso ea li-epic, mofuta le mantsoe ke tšobotsi e ikhethang ea Serussia. classical S. (MI Glinka, AP Borodin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AK Glazunov), e leng ka lebaka la Serussia. nat. thematic, melodic element. chant, molumo oa setšoantšo. Synthesis decomp. mefuta ea matšoao. dramaturgy - mokhoa o ntseng o tsoela pele ka tsela e ncha lekholong la bo20 la lilemo. Kahoo, ka mohlala, symphonism ea Shostakovich ea sechaba-filosofi e ile ea kopanya hoo e batlang e le mefuta eohle ea li-symphonies tse neng li le teng pele ho eena. terama e nang le kgatello e kgethehileng mabapi le kopanyo ya drama le epic. Lekholong la bo20 la lilemo S. e le molao-motheo oa 'mino. ho nahana hangata ho pepesehetse matlotlo a mefuta e meng ea bonono, e khetholloang ka mefuta e mecha ea khokahano le lentsoe, le lebala la liketsahalo. ketso, ho kopanya mekhoa ea cinematography. dramaturgy (eo hangata e lebisang ho deconcentration, ho fokotseha ha karolo ea symphonic logic e nepahetseng mosebetsing), joalo-joalo Ha e fokotsehe ho ea ho mokhoa o sa tsitsang, S. e le sehlopha sa li-muses. monahano o senoloa ka menyetla e mecha nakong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsoelo-pele ea eona.

References: Serov A. N., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, tlatsetso ea eona le moelelo oa eona, "Modern Chronicle", 1868, May 12, e tšoanang ho ed.: Izbr. lingoliloeng, joalo-joalo. 1, M.-L., 1950; Asafiev B. (Igor Glebov), Litsela Tsa Bokamoso, ka: Melos, no. 2 St. Petersburg, 1918; ea hae, Tchaikovsky's Instrumental Works, P., 1922, e tšoanang, bukeng: Asafiev B., Mabapi le 'Mino oa Tchaikovsky, L., 1972; hae, Symphonism e le bothata ba musicology ea kajeno, bukeng: Becker P., Symphony ho tloha Beethoven ho Mahler, trans. ed. LE. Glebova, L., 1926; hae, Beethoven, ka pokello: Beethoven (1827-1927), L., 1927, e tšoanang, bukeng: Asafiev B., Izbr. mesebetsi, ke hore 4, M., 1955; hae, Musical Form as a Process, Vol. 1, M., 1930, buka 2, M., 1947, (buka 1-2), L., 1971; ea hae, Ho hopola Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, L.-M., 1940, e tšoanang, bukeng: Asafiev B., 'mino oa O Tchaikovsky, L., 1972; hae, Moqapi oa litšoantšiso - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, bukeng ea hae: Izbr. mesebetsi, ke hore 2, M., 1954; e tšoanang, bukeng: B. Asafiev, mabapi le 'mino oa Tchaikovsky, L., 1972; hae, Ka Tataiso ea Foromo ka Tchaikovsky, ka Sat: Soviet Music, Sat. 3, M.-L., 1945, ea hae, Glinka, M., 1947, e tšoanang, bukeng: Asafiev B., Izbr. mesebetsi, ke hore 1, M., 1952; ea hae, "The Enchantress". Opera P. LE. Tchaikovsky, M.-L., 1947, e tšoanang, bukeng: Asafiev B., Izbr. mesebetsi, ke hore 2, M., 1954; Alschwang A., Beethoven, M., 1940; ea hae, Symphony ea Beethoven, Fav. op., vol. 2, M., 1965; Danylevich L. V., Symphony e le dramaturgy ea 'mino, bukeng: Lipotso tsa Musicology, buka ea selemo, no. 2, M., 1955; Sollertinsky I. I., Historical types of symphonic dramaturgy, bukeng ea hae: Lithuto tsa 'mino le tsa histori, L., 1956; Nikolaeva N. S., Symphonies P. LE. Tchaikovsky, M., 1958; hae, Beethoven's Symphonic Method, bukeng: 'Mino oa Phetohelo ea Sefora ea lekholong la XVIII la lilemo. Beethoven, M., 1967; Mazel L. A., Likarolo tse ling tsa sebopeho sa mefuta ea mahala ea Chopin, bukeng: Fryderyk Chopin, M., 1960; Kremlev Yu. A., Beethoven and the Problem of Shakespeare's Music, in: Shakespeare and Music, L., 1964; Slonimsky S., Symphonies Prokofieva, M.-L., 1964, ch. ngoe; Yarustovsky B. M., Li-Symphonies tse buang ka ntoa le khotso, M., 1966; Konen V. D., Theater le Symphony, M., 1968; Tarakanov M. E., Mokhoa oa li-symphonies tsa Prokofiev. Lipatlisiso, M., 1968; Protopopov V. V., melao-motheo ea Beethoven ea mofuta oa 'mino. Sonata-symphonic cycle kapa. 1-81, M., 1970; Klimovitsky A., Selivanov V., Beethoven and the Philosophical Revolution in Germany, in the book: Questions of Theory and Aesthetics of Music, vol. 10, L., 1971; Lunacharsky A. V., Buka e ncha e buang ka 'mino, bukeng: Lunacharsky A. V., Lefats'eng la 'mino, M., 1971; Ordzhonikidze G. Sh., Potsong ea poleloana ea mohopolo oa lefika 'minong oa Beethoven, ka: Beethoven, vol. 2, M., 1972; Ryzhkin I. Ya., Plot dramaturgy of Beethoven's symphony (symphonies ea bohlano le ea borobong), ibid.; Zuckerman V. A., matla a Beethoven ka ponahatso ea eona ea sebopeho le sebopeho, ibid.; Skrebkov S. S., Melao-motheo ea bonono ea mekhoa ea 'mino, M., 1973; Barsova I. A., Li-Symphonies tsa Gustav Mahler, M., 1975; Donadze V. G., Symphonies of Schubert, bukeng: 'Mino oa Austria le Jeremane, buka. 1, M., 1975; Sabinina M. D., Shostakovich-symphonist, M., 1976; Chernova T. Yu., Holima khopolo ea dramaturgy ka 'mino oa liletsa, ho: bonono ba' mino le saense, vol. 3, M., 1978; Schmitz A., "Two principles" ea Beethoven ..., bukeng: Problems of Beethoven's style, M., 1932; Rollan R. Beethoven. Mehla e meholo ea pōpo. Ho tloha ho "Heroic" ho ea "Appassionata", e Bokelitsoeng. op., vol. 15, L., 1933); ea hae, e tšoanang, (ch. 4) - Kathedrale e sa Felisoang: Ninth Symphony. E qetile metlae. Coll.

HS Nikolaeva