Alexander Vasilyevich Gauk |

Alexander Gauk

Setsebi sa Batho sa RSFSR (1954). Ka 1917 o ile a fumana mangolo Petrograd Conservatory, moo a ileng a ithuta piano ka EP Daugovet, lipina tsa VP Kalafati, J. Vitol, le ho tsamaisa NN Cherepnin. Joale e ile ea e-ba mokhanni oa Petrograd Theater ea Musical Drama. Ka 1920-31 e ne e le mokhanni oa Leningrad Opera le Ballet Theatre, moo a neng a tsamaisa lipapali tsa ballet (The Four Seasons ea Glazunov, Pulcinella ea Stravinsky, The Red Poppy ea Gliere, joalo-joalo). O ne a sebetsa e le motsamaisi oa symphony. Ka 1930-33 e ne e le mokhanni ea ka sehloohong oa Leningrad Philharmonic, ka 1936-41 - ea State Symphony Orchestra ea USSR, ka 1933-36 mokhanni, ka 1953-62 mokhanni ea ka sehloohong le motsamaisi oa bonono oa Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra ea All. -Mokhatlo oa Radio.

Lingoliloeng tsa liemahale li ile tsa nka sebaka se ikhethileng 'minong o fapaneng oa Gauk. Tlas'a tataiso ea hae, mesebetsi e mengata ea DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturian, Yu. A. Shaporin le baqapi ba bang ba Soviet Union ba ile ba qala ho qapa. Mosebetsi oa thuto oa Gauk o phethile karolo ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea bonono ba mokhanni oa Soviet Union. Ka 1927-33 le 1946-48 o ile a ruta Leningrad Conservatory, ka 1941-43 Tbilisi Conservatory, ka 1939-63 Moscow Conservatory, 'me ho tloha ka 1948 e bile moprofesa. Baithuti ba Gauk ba kenyelletsa EA Mravinsky, A. Sh. Melik-Pashaev, KA Simeonov, EP Grikurov, EF Svetlanov, NS Rabinovich, ES Mikeladze, le ba bang.

Mongoli oa symphony, symphonietta bakeng sa liletsa tsa 'mino oa liletsa, overture, concerto le okhestra (bakeng sa harepa, piano), marato le mesebetsi e meng. O ile a bapala opera The Marriage by Mussorgsky (1917), The Seasons and 2 cycles of Tchaikovsky's romances (1942), joalo-joalo. O ile a tsosolosa symphony ea 1 ea Rachmaninov a sebelisa mantsoe a setseng a liletsa. Likhaolo tse tsoang ho litemoso tsa Gauk li ile tsa hatisoa pokellong ea "The Mastery of Performing Artist", M., 1972.

"Toro ea ho khanna e bile letsohong la ka ho tloha ha ke le lilemo li tharo," Gauck o ngotse litlalehong tsa hae. 'Me ho tloha bonyenyaneng, o ne a lula a loanela ho phethahatsa toro ena. Setsing sa Conservatory sa St. Petersburg, Gauk o ile a ithuta piano le F. Blumenfeld, eaba o ithuta ho qapa le V. Kalafati, I. Vitol le A. Glazunov, a tseba tsebo ea ho bapala ka tlas’a tataiso ea N. Cherepnin.

Kamora ho qeta sekolong sa Conservatory selemong sa Phetohelo e Khōlō ea Mphalane, Gauk o ile a qala mosebetsi oa hae oa ho ba motlatsi oa 'Mino oa Drama Theatre. 'Me matsatsi a seng makae feela ka mor'a tlhōlo ea matla a Soviet, o ile a qala ho ema sethaleng ho etsa papali ea hae ea pele papaling ea opera. Ka la 1 November (ho ea ka mokhoa oa khale) "Cherevichki" ea Tchaikovsky e ile ea etsoa.

Gauk e ile ea e-ba e mong oa libini tsa pele tse ileng tsa etsa qeto ea ho fana ka talenta ea hae tšebeletsong ea batho. Nakong ea lilemo tse thata tsa ntoa ea lehae, o ile a etsa ka pel'a masole a Red Army e le karolo ea brigade ea bonono, 'me bohareng ba lilemo tse mashome a mabeli, hammoho le Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, o ile a ea Svirstroy, Pavlovsk le Sestroretsk. Kahoo, matlotlo a setso sa lefatše a ile a buloa ka pel’a bamameli ba bacha.

Karolo ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea pōpo ea moetsi oa litšoantšo e ne e bapaloa ke lilemo tsa ha a ne a etella pele Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (1931-1533). Gauk o bitsitse sehlopha sena "tichere ea hae." Empa mona ho ile ha ruisanoa ka bobeli - Gauk o na le bohlokoa ba bohlokoa ba ho ntlafatsa sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa, seo hamorao se ileng sa hapa botumo ba lefatše. Hoo e ka bang ka nako e le 'ngoe, mosebetsi oa litšoantšiso oa sebini o ile oa hōla. Joaloka motsamaisi ea ka sehloohong oa ballet oa Opera le Ballet Theater (eo pele e neng e le Mariinsky), har’a libuka tse ling, o ile a fa bamameli mehlala ea lipina tse nyenyane tsa Soviet Union - “Red Whirlwind” ea V. Deshevov (1924), “The Golden Age” (1930) le "Bolt" (1931) D. Shostakovich.

Ka 1933, Gauk o ile a fallela Moscow 'me ho fihlela 1936 a sebetsa e le mokhanni ea ka sehloohong oa All-Union Radio. Likamano tsa hae le baqapi ba Soviet li matlafatsoa le ho feta. Oa ngola: "Lilemong tseo, nako e monate, e makatsang le e behang litholoana nalaneng ea 'mino oa Soviet e ile ea qala ... Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky o ile a bapala karolo e ikhethang bophelong ba 'mino ... ea lisymphony tseo a li ngotseng.”

'Me nakong e tlang, ha a ntse a etella pele "State Symphony Orchestra" ea USSR (1936-1941), Gauk, hammoho le' mino oa classic, hangata o kenyelletsa lipina tsa bangoli ba Soviet mananeong a hae. O tšepetsoe tšebetso ea pele ea mesebetsi ea hae ke S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky, A. Khachaturyata, Yu. Shaporin, V. Muradeli le ba bang. 'Minong oa nakong e fetileng, Gauk o ne a atisa ho fetohela mesebetsing eo, ka mabaka a mang, a neng a hlokomolohuoa ke batsamaisi. O atlehile ho hlophisa popo ea bohlokoa ea li-classics: oratorio "Samson" ea Handel, 'Misa oa Bach ho B e nyane, "Requiem", The Funeral and Triumphal Symphony, "Harold in Italy", "Romeo and Julia" ea Berlioz ...

Ho tloha ka 1953, Gauk e bile motsamaisi oa bonono le mokhanni ea ka sehloohong oa Grand Symphony Orchestra ea All-Union Radio le Television. Ha a sebetsa le sehlopha sena, o ile a fumana liphello tse babatsehang, joalokaha ho pakoa ke lirekoto tse ngata tse entsoeng tlas'a tsamaiso ea hae. Ha a hlalosa mokhoa oa ho qapa oa mosebetsi-'moho le eena, A. Melik-Pashayev o ngotse: "Mokhoa oa hae oa ho khanna o khetholloa ke ho ithiba ka ntle ka ho chesa ka hare ho sa khaotseng, ho tsieleha ho hoholo ha ho ikoetlisa tlas'a maemo a "moroalo" o feletseng oa maikutlo. Oi o ile a tsetela ho lokiseng lenaneo takatso eohle ea hae e le sebini, tsebo eohle ea hae, limpho tsohle tsa hae tsa ho ruta, 'me kopanong, joalokaha eka o khahloa ke liphello tsa mosebetsi oa hae, o ile a tšehetsa mollo oa ho bapala ka cheseho ho baetsi ba 'mino oa liletsa. , a tuka ke eena. 'Me karolo e' ngoe e tsotehang ponahalong ea hae ea bonono: ha u pheta-pheta, u se ke ua ipitsa, empa leka ho bala mosebetsi "ka mahlo a fapaneng", u na le maikutlo a macha ka tlhaloso e tsoetseng pele le e hloahloa, joalokaha eka o fetisetsa maikutlo le mehopolo ka tsela e fapaneng. e fapaneng, senotlolo sa ho sebetsa se poteletseng.

Moprofesa Gauk o hlahisitse sehlopha sa linaleli sa li-conductor tse kholo tsa Soviet. Ka linako tse sa tšoaneng o ile a ruta Leningrad (1927-1933), Tbilisi (1941-1943) le Moscow (ho tloha 1948) conservatories. Har'a liithuti tsa hae ke A. Melik-Pashaev, E. Mravinsky, M. Tavrizian, E. Mikeladze, E. Svetlanov, N. Rabinovich, O. Dimitriadi, K. Simeonov, E. Grikurov le ba bang.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969