Basso ostinato, basso ostinato |

Setaliana, ho bonesa. – manganga, base

E 'ngoe ea mefuta e fapaneng, osn. ho lihlooho tse pheta-phetoang ka har'a base e nang le mantsoe a phahameng a fetohang. E tsoa ho polyphonic. mefuta ea ho ngola ka thata, e neng e e-na le cantus firmus e tšoanang, eo, ha e phetoa, e neng e pota-potiloe ke li-counterpoints tse ncha. Ka lilemo tse 16-17. V. o. e sebedisoang haholo motjekong. mmino. Metjeko e meng ea boholo-holo—passacaglia, chaconne, le e meng—e ne e emela ho fapana ha V. o. Sebopeho sena se ile sa pholoha le ka mor'a hore passacaglia le chaconne li lahleheloe ke motjeko oa tsona. moelelo. V. o. e ile ea boela ea kenella ka har'a li-arias le libini tsa li-operas, oratorios, cantatas tsa lekholo la bo17-18 la lilemo. Lipina tse itseng li entsoe. V.'s formulas of the lake; music V.'s image about. fetisa maikutlo a le mong, ntle le k.-l. makgetlo a fapaneng. Mabapi le bokhutšoanyane ba sehlooho sa V. o. baqapi ba ne ba batla ho e ruisa ka thuso ea mantsoe a hanyetsanang, harmonica. mefuta e fapaneng le liphetoho tsa molumo. pokello ea harmonic ea lihlooho V. o. e kentse letsoho tumellong ea homophone-harmonic. polokelong, le hoja hangata li ne li sebelisoa ka polyphonic. invoice. Lihlooho V. mabapi le. li ne li thehiloe haholo-holo motsamaong o kang oa sekala (diatonic kapa chromatic) ho theosa kapa holimo ho tloha tonic ho ea ho e ka sehloohong, ka linako tse ling ka ho hapa mehato e haufi le eona. Empa ho ne ho boetse ho e-na le lihlooho tse ling tse ikhethang:

G. Purcell. Ode ho letsatsi la tsoalo la Mofumahali Mary.

Mong. Thekisa. Ode ho St. Cecilia.

A. Vivaldi. Concerto for 2 violin le orchestra a-moll, movement II.

G. Muffat. Passacaglia

D. Buxtehude. Chaconne bakeng sa setho sa 'mele.

JS Bach. Passacaglia bakeng sa setho sa 'mele.

JS Bach. Chaconne ho tloha Cantata No. 150

JS Bach. Concerto for clavier le orchestra in d-moll, karolo ea II.

Melodi e tshwanang. liforomo li ne li atisa ho sebelisoa lipalong tsa pele tsa bass tsa lihlooho tsa neostinata. Sena se bontšitse ho sebelisana ha bona le ostinato thematism, e neng e le tšobotsi ea lekholo la bo17-18. E boetse e ama sonata thematics ho fihlela lekholong la bo20 la lilemo. (WA ​​Mozart - quartet in d-moll, KV 421, L. Beethoven - sonata bakeng sa piano, op. 53, J. Brahms - sonata bakeng sa piano, op. 5, SS Prokofiev - sonata No. 2 bakeng sa FP - the sehlooho se seholo sa likarolo tsa pele).

V. o. ho passacaglia le li-chaconne tsa lekholong la bo17-18 la lilemo. e etsahetse ka senotlolo se le seng (JS Bach - Passacaglia ka c-moll bakeng sa setho sa 'mele, Crucifixus ho tloha boima ka b-moll) kapa e senotsoe ka linotlolo tse 'maloa. Tabeng ea ho qetela, ho feto-fetoha ha molumo ho ile ha etsoa ka ho fetola sehlooho (JS Bach - Chaconne ho tloha cantata No. 150) kapa ka li-link tse nyenyane tsa modulation, tse ileng tsa etsa hore ho khonehe ho fetisetsa sehlooho ho senotlolo se secha ntle le melodic. liphetoho (D. Buxtehude - Passacaglia d-moll bakeng sa setho). Lihlahisoa tse ling. mekhoa ena ka bobeli e ne e kopantsoe (JS Bach - karolo e bohareng ea concerto ea clavier ka d-moll); ka linako tse ling likarolo li ne li kenngoa pakeng tsa litšoantšiso tsa sehlooho, ka lebaka la hore sebopeho se fetohile rondo (J. Chambonière - Chaconne F-dur bakeng sa harpsichord, F. Couperin - Passacaglia ka h-moll bakeng sa harpsichord).

L. Beethoven o ile a atolosa tšebeliso ea V. o.; ha aa ka a e sebelisa feela e le motheo oa phapang-cyclic. liforomo (qetellong ea symphony ea 3), empa hape e le karolo ea sebopeho se seholo sa ho lokisa mehopolo le braking kamora ho matha ka bongata. Tsena ke V. o. qetellong ea Allegro Symphony No. 9, moo V. o. e tsepamisitse maikutlo ka ho hlomoha haholo. nako, ho Vivace coda ea Symphony No 7 le bohareng ba Vivace quartet op. 135.

L. Beethoven. 9th symphony, movement I. 7th symphony, movement I.

L. Beethoven. Quartet op. 135, karolo ea II.

Boemo ba ho pheta-pheta ha lipuo tse tšoanang ho hlōloa ke liphetoho tsa matla a molumo (ho tloha p ho ea ho f kapa ka tsela e fapaneng). Ka moea o tšoanang, ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele e kholo ea litšoantšo tse fapaneng, V. o. Khoutung ea phetisetso ea opera "Ivan Susanin" ea Glinka.

MI Glinka. "Ivan Susanin", tlhaloso e qaqileng.

Lekholong la bo19 le la bo20 la lilemo boleng ba V. mabapi le. ea eketseha. Metheo ea eona e 'meli e ikemiselitse. mefuta. Ea pele e itšetlehile ka sehlooho se tsepamisitsoeng 'me ke tatellano e hlakileng ea liphapang tsa eona tsa tšoantšetso (I. Brahms - qetello ea Symphony No. 4). Ea bobeli e fetola bohareng ba matla a khoheli ho tloha ho sehlooho sa motheo, se fetohang ntho e bonolo ea ho tiisa, ho ea ho melodic-harmonic e pharaletseng. ntshetsopele (SI Taneev - Largo ho tloha quintet op. 30). Mefuta ena ka bobeli e boetse e sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse ikemetseng. (F. Chopin - Lullaby), 'me e le karolo ea sonata-symphony. Lipotoloho, hammoho le mesebetsi ea opera le ballet.

Ho fetela ka nģ’ane ho meeli ea liluma-nosi, butle-butle ostinato e fetoha o mong oa melao-motheo ea bohlokoa ea ho bōpa ’mino oa lekholong la bo19 le la bo20 la lilemo; e iponahatsa tšimong ea morethetho, kutloano, melodic. lipina le mekhoa e meng ea mmino. boitlhaloso. Ka lebaka la ostinato, o ka etsa sepakapaka sa "ho satalla", "khahloa", ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho c.-l. maikutlo a le mong, ho qoelisoa kelellong, joalo-joalo; V. o. E ka boela ea sebetsa e le motlakase oa motlakase. Tsena li tla hlalosa. Menyetla ea V. mabapi le. e seng e ntse e sebelisoa ke baqapi ba lekholong la bo19 la lilemo. (AP Borodin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, R. Wagner, A. Bruckner, le ba bang), empa ba ile ba fumana bohlokoa bo khethehileng lekholong la bo20 la lilemo. (M. Ravel, IF Stravinsky, P. Hindemith, DD Shostakovich, AI Khachaturian, DB Kabalevsky, B. Britten, K. Orff le ba bang, mesebetsing eo mefuta ea ostinato ea mefuta e fapaneng ka ho fetisisa e sebelisoang).

References: Prорреr L., The basso ostinato e le molao-motheo oa theknoloji le oa sebopeho, В., 1926 (diss.); Litterscheid R., Paleng ea histori ea basso ostinato, Marburg, 1928; Nowak L., Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa histori ea basso ostinato 'mino oa bophirimela, W., 1932; Meinardus W., Mokhoa oa basso ostinato ke H. Purcell, Cologne, 1939 (diss.); Gurlill W., Ka JS Bach's Ostinato Technique, в кн.: Histori ea 'Mino le Hona Joale. Letoto la ditlhamo. Ke (tlatselletsa polokelong ea litaba tsa 'mino), Wiesbaden, 1966; Вerger G., Ostinato, Chaconne, Passacaglia, Wolfenbüttel, (1968). См. также лит. при статьях Анализ музыкальный, Вариации, Форма музыкальная.

Vl. V. Protopopov