Sonorism

Sonorism, sonorics, sonoristics, mokhoa oa sonoristic

ho tloha ka lat. sonorus - sonorous, sonorous, lerata; Sejeremane Klangmusic; Sonorystyka ea Poland

Mofuta oa mokhoa oa sejoale-joale oa ho qapa o sebelisang Ch. arr. melumo e mebala-bala, e nkoang e le bolelele bo sa khetholleheng.

Sekhetho se ikhethang sa S. (joalo ka "'mino oa sonorities") ke ho hlahisa 'mala oa molumo, hammoho le linako tsa phetoho ho tloha molumong o mong ho ea ho o mong. Bokhabane bo itseng (phonism) bo lula bo le teng molumong oa 'mino, ka bobeli polyphonic ('mala oa li-chords, li-consonance tse hlahang ha li bapisoa hape li itšetlehile ka sebaka, registeri, timbre, lebelo la liphetoho tsa harmonic, likarolo tsa sebopeho), le monophonic. ('mala oa linako tse amanang le rejisetara, morethetho, likarolo tsa sebopeho), leha ho le joalo, ka ho senyeha. setaele, e iponahatsa (ka ho eketsehileng autonomizes) eseng ka tekanyo e tšoanang, e itšetlehileng ka khopolo-taba ka kakaretso le bonono. tataiso ea 'mino. boqapi, karolo e 'ngoe e tsoa ho nat. tšimoloho ea setaele. Likarolo tsa tlhaloso ea sonoristic ea kutloano li 'nile tsa ntlafatsoa' mino ho tloha lekholong la 19th. mabapi le takatso ea ho ba le konkreiti le bonnete ba nama ea li-muses. litšoantšo, ho mmino. tšoantšetso le iponahatsa ka ho hlaka ka ho fetisisa ka Sefora. le 'mino oa Slavic (lintho tse ling tse hlokahalang bakeng sa S. li ka fumanoa ho folk instr.' mino oa litso tse ngata tsa naha). Historical S.'s preforms ke colorism ea kutloano (bona, ka mohlala, karolo ea Des7> - Des ho tloha bareng 51 ho Chopin's b-moll nocturne), boithabiso ba likarolo tse itseng tsa Nar. 'mino (mohlala, ho etsisa molumo oa liletsa tsa batho ba Caucasia ka mokhoa oa quintchord g - d1 - a1 - e2 "Lezginka" ho tloha opera "Ruslan le Lyudmila"), khetho ea li-chords tse hlophisitsoeng ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho ea ka molumo. matšoao (ka mohlala, lipina tsa ho fifala ha letsatsi ho opera "Prince Igor"), litemana tse mebala-bala tsa litšoantšo le litemana tsa cadence (mohlala, bukeng ea 2nd reprise ea Chopin's Des-dur nocturne; ho Liszt's No. 3 nocturne No. 2), litšoantšo tsa lifefo, lifefo, lifefo (mohlala, "Francesca da Rimini", "Sefefo se matla", setšoantšo se neng se le kampong ea "Queen of Spades" ke Tchaikovsky; "Scheherazade" le "Kashchei the Immortal" ke Rimsky-Korsakov. ), tlhaloso e khethehileng ea timbre ea li-consonance, ch. arr. ha u sebelisana le li-drum timbres (mohlala, tritone ho leitmotif ea Leshy ho tloha opera "The Snow Maiden"). Mohlala o ikhethang, haufi le mehleng ea kajeno. mofuta oa S., - sebaka sa tšepe e llang ho tsoa ho opera "Boris Godunov" (kenyelletso ea setšoantšo sa XNUMX).

S. ka moelelo o tobileng oa lentsoe lena le ka buuoang feela mabapi le 'mino oa lekholong la bo20 la lilemo, e leng ka lebaka la mekhoa ea' mino e tsoetseng pele ho eona. ho nahana, haholo ho dumellana. puo. Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho khetholla ka ho feletseng le ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang pakeng tsa molumo o hlakileng ('mino oa lithane) le sonority ('mino oa sonorities); hangata ho thata ho arola mokhoa oa sonoristic le mefuta e meng (e seng ea sonorous) ea mokhoa oa ho qapa. Ka hona, ho aroloa ha S. ho ea bohōleng bo itseng ho itšetlehile ka maemo; e khetha feela lintlha tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa 'me e nka liphetoho le motsoako oa mefuta e fapaneng. Tsamaisong ea lihlopha, mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea S. e hlophisitsoe ka tatellano ea ho tlosoa butle-butle ho tloha qalong - liketsahalo tsa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa tonal.

Ka ho utloahalang, mohato oa pele oa ho ikemela ha S. ke tumellano e hlalosoang ka tsela ea sonoristically, moo ho nang le phetoho e hlokomelehang ea tlhokomelo ho tloha maikutlong a melumo e fapaneng ea molumo ho ea ho kutloisiso ea "melumo ea timbral" e sa khetholleheng. Mokhoa oa ho ts'oana o entsoeng ke C. Debussy o bonts'a phetoho ea ts'ebetso ena: ketane ea li-chord e nkoa e le ho latellana ha monophonic ea melumo ea mebala ea timbre (mokhoa oa li-block-dissonant blocks ka jazz o tšoana le mokhoa ona). Mehlala ea kutloano e mebala-bala: li-ballets Daphnis le Chloe ka Ravel (Dawn), Petrushka ea Stravinsky (ho qala ha setšoantšo sa 4), Cinderella ea Prokofiev (Masiung a Bosiu), sekhechana sa 'mino oa liletsa, op. 6 No 4 Webern, pina "Seraphite" ea Schoenberg.

HH Sidelnikov. Lipale tsa Russia, karolo ea 4.

Maemong a mang, tlhaloso ea sonoristic ea kutloano e sebetsa e le ts'ebetso e nang le consonances ea morero oa timbre ("sonoras"). Ena ke "sonor chord" ea pele ho Scriabin's Prometheus, osn. chord ho sekotoana sa Webern. 10 No 3 bakeng sa sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa, polyharmony e sa lumellaneng pele ho kenyelletso ea kenyelletso ea ballet The Rite of Spring.

Hangata mebala ea Sonorant e na le lihlopha tsa consonance (mesebetsi ea G. Cowell le ba bang). Hase feela likhetho tse ka bang sonorous, empa hape le mela (bona, ka mohlala, symphony ea bobeli ea Shostakovich ho fihlela palo ea 2). Ho kopanya li-chords le mela ea sonorous ho etsa likarolo tsa sonorous (hangata ha li sebelisana le lihlopha tsa li-timbres), mohlala. molumo oa melumo e 13 qetellong ea symphony ea bobeli ea Prokofiev (12nd variation), ho symphony ea bobeli ea Lutoslavsky, ho "Rings" bakeng sa sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa tsa Shchedrin. Ho teba ka ho eketsehileng ha S. ho amana le ho arohana le phapang ea molumo 'me ho bontšoa, ka mohlala, ka boipiletso ba' mino bakeng sa liletsa tsa molumo (sheba Bosiu ba Egepeta ba Prokofiev, Matšoenyeho, khefu ho ea ketsahalong ea 2 ea ketso ea 2 ea opera The Nko » Shostakovich). Qetellong, S. ho tloha molumo oa sonoristically o hlalosoang o lebisa lerata le fetoletsoeng ka mokhoa oa sonoristically (Sejeremane: Gerdusch), 'me boitsebiso bona bo kenyelletsa ho senyeha ha tse peli. element – ​​mmino. lerata (neoekmelika) le melumo e meng ea 'mino (e amanang le lebala la seo ho thoeng ke 'mino oa konkreite).

Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa ka likarolo tse tšoanang le tse ngata ka moelelo oa tsona o hlakileng o tšoana haholo kapa o lumellana. Ka mohlala, "Tren" ea Penderecki e qala ka melumo e monate ea 'mino-lerata.

HH Sidelnikov. Lipale tsa Russia, karolo ea 4.

K. Penderecki. “Sello sa Bahlaseluoa ba Hiroshima”.

Ka hona, S. e sebetsa ka bobeli ka mekhoa e nepahetseng ea sonorous (lerata la 'mino, li-timbre layers, li-complexes tsa mebala-bala, melumo e se nang molumo o itseng), le ka mekhoa ea mefuta e meng ea theknoloji (tonal, modal, serial, aleatory, joalo-joalo. ) . Comp. Theknoloji ea S. e kenyelletsa khetho ea ntho e itseng. thepa e utloahalang (tlhaloso ea eona e ka ho toba, 'me e se kamanong e nang le maemo le mohopolo oa bonono oa mosebetsi), kabo ea eona ke mafapha a tlhahiso. e thehiloeng moleng o khethiloeng oa nts'etsopele, moralo o mong le o mong o ntlafalitsoeng oa kakaretso. Muses. ts'ebetso ea mofuta ona e amahanngoa le takatso ea tsoelo-pele e nang le morero ea sonority, ho theha maemo a holimo le a tlaase a tloaelehileng a bontšang ho sisinyeha ha motheo oa kelello oa motheo oa polelo ea 'mino.

S. ka ho toba ho feta 'mino oa molumo, o khona ho etsa mefuta eohle ea liphello tse mebala-bala, haholo-holo, ho kenyelletsa liketsahalo tsa molumo oa lefatše le ka ntle' mino. Kahoo, setso bakeng sa Serussia. 'mino oa classic, setšoantšo sa tšepe e llang se fumana tsoalo e ncha ho S.

Melemo. S.'s scope - mus. libuka tseo ho tsona liphello tse mebala-bala e leng tsa bohlokoa haholo: “ho phalla ha seretse se chesang se boputsoa ba lamunu, ho phatsima le ho panya ha linaleli tse hōle, ho benya ha lisabole tse tukang, ho phalla ha lipolanete tse pherese, meriti e pherese le ho potoloha ha molumo oa molumo” ( O. Messiaen, "Technique of my musical language"). Bona le Phonism.

AG Schnittke. pianissimo.

RK Shchedrin. “Mehala”.

References: Asafiev BV, Sebopeho sa 'Mino e le mokhoa, (libuka 1-2), M.-L., 1930-47, 3 (libuka tse peli), L., 1971; Shaltuper Yu., Ka mokhoa oa Lutoslavsky lilemong tsa bo-60, ka: Mathata a 'Mino oa Saense, vol. 3, M., 1975; Nikolskaya I., "'Mino oa Lepato" ka Witold Lutoslavsky le mathata a mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa' mino oa lekholong la bo10 la lilemo, ho: 'Mino le Mehleng ea Kajeno, (taba) 1976, M., 1; Messiaen O., Technique de mon langage musical, v. 2-1944, P., 1961; Chominski J., Technika sonorystyczna jako przedmiot systematycznego szkolenia, "Muzyka", 6, rok 3, No 1968; hae, Muzyka Polski Ludowej, Warsz., 1962; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie západoevropske hudby, Praha, 1965, Novodobé skladebné smery vhudbe, Praha, 1976 (phetolelo ea Serussia - Kogoytek Ts., Mokhoa oa ho qapa 'mino oa lekholo la lilemo la XNUMX, M.

Yu. N. Kholopov