Boris Tischenko |

Boris Tischenko

Molemo o phahameng ka ho fetisisa ... ha se letho haese tsebo ea 'nete ho tsoa lisosa tsa eona tsa pele. R. Descartes

B. Tishchenko ke e mong oa baqapi ba tummeng ba Soviet ba moloko oa ka mor'a ntoa. Ke eena mongoli oa li-ballet tse tummeng "Yaroslavna", "Ba leshome le metso e 'meli"; sethala se sebetsa ho latela mantsoe a K. Chukovsky: "The Fly-Sokotukha", "The Stolen Sun", "Cockroach". Moqapi o ile a ngola palo e kholo ea mesebetsi e mengata ea liletsa tsa 'mino oa liletsa - li-symphonies tse 5 tse sa hlophisitsoeng (ho kenyeletsoa seteisheneng sa M. Tsvetaeva), "Sinfonia robusta", symphony "Chronicle of the Siege"; likonsarete tsa piano, cello, violin, harepa; 5 likhoele quartets; 8 piano sonatas (ho kenyeletsoa ea Bosupa - e nang le litloloko); Li-sonata tsa violin tse 2, joalo-joalo 'Mino oa mantsoe oa Tishchenko o kenyelletsa lipina tse hlano ho St. O. Driz; Se hlokahalang bakeng sa soprano, tenor le orchestra ho St. A. Akhmatova; "Testamente" bakeng sa soprano, harepa le organ ho St. N. Zabolotsky; Cantata "Garden of Music" on St. A. Kushner. O ile a hlophisa "Lithothokiso tse 'nè tsa Captain Lebyadkin" ka D. Shostakovich. Peru ea moqapi e boetse e kenyelletsa 'mino oa lifilimi "Suzdal", "The Death of Pushkin", "Igor Savvovich", bakeng sa papali ea "Pelo ea Ntja".

Tishchenko o ile a fumana mangolo Leningrad Conservatory (1962-63), matichere a hae a hlophisitsoeng e ne e le V. Salmanov, V. Voloshin, O. Evlakhov, sekolong sa mangolo - D. Shostakovich, piano - A. Logovinsky. Hona joale eena ka boeena ke moprofesa Leningrad Conservatory.

Tishchenko o ile a qala ho ba moqapi haholo - ha a le lilemo li 18 o ile a ngola Concerto ea Violin, ha a le lilemo li 20 - Quartet ea Bobeli, e leng tse ling tsa lipina tsa hae tse ntle ka ho fetisisa. Mosebetsing oa hae, mola oa khale oa setso le mola oa maikutlo a sejoale-joale a hlahelletseng haholo. Ka tsela e ncha, ho khantša litšoantšo tsa histori ea boholo-holo ea Serussia le litloaelo tsa Serussia, moqapi o khahloa ke 'mala oa khale, o batla ho fetisa maikutlo a tloaelehileng a lefats'e a tsoetseng pele ho theosa le makholo a lilemo (ballet Yaroslavna - 1974, Third Symphony - 1966, likarolo tsa ea Bobeli (1959), Third Quartets (1970), Piano ea Boraro Sonata - 1965). Pina e ntseng e tsoela pele ea Serussia bakeng sa Tishchenko ke ea moea le ea bokhabane. Kutloisiso ea likarolo tse tebileng tsa setso sa naha e ile ea lumella moqapi oa Third Symphony ho theha mofuta o mocha oa 'mino - ka tsela ea tšoantšetso, "symphony of tunes"; moo ho lohiloeng lesela la mmino oa liletsa ho tsoa ho litsoantso tsa liletsa. 'Mino o monate oa ho qetela oa symphony o amahanngoa le setšoantšo sa thothokiso ea N. Rubtsov - "naha ea ka e khutsitseng". Hoa hlokomeleha hore pono ea boholo-holo ea lefats'e e ile ea hohela Tishchenko le eona mabapi le setso sa Bochabela, haholo-holo ka lebaka la thuto ea 'mino oa mehleng ea khale oa Majapane "gagaku". Ho utloisisa likarolo tse khethehileng tsa setso sa Russia le pono ea khale ea lefatše ea Bochabela, moqapi o ile a hlahisa mofuta o khethehileng oa tsoelo-pele ea 'mino ka mokhoa oa hae - statics ea ho thuisa, eo ho eona liphetoho tsa sebopeho sa' mino li hlahang butle butle butle (long cello solo in the First Cello). Concerto - 1963).

Ka mothofatso ea tloaelehileng bakeng sa XX lekholong la lilemo la. litšoantšo tsa ntoa, ho hlōla, tse bohloko tse nyarosang, tsitsipano e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea moea, Tishchenko o sebetsa e le mohlahlami oa litšoantšiso tsa symphonic tsa tichere ea hae Shostakovich. E khahlang haholo ntlheng ena ke Symphonies ea Bone le ea Bohlano (1974 le 1976).

The Fourth Symphony e na le takatso e matla haholo - e ngoletsoe libini tse 145 le 'mali ea nang le microphone' me e na le bolelele bo fetang hora le halofo (ke hore, concerto eohle ea symphony). The Fifth Symphony e nehetsoe ho Shostakovich 'me ka ho toba e tsoela pele ka setšoantšo sa' mino oa hae - liphatlalatso tse sa utloahaleng tsa lipuo, likhatello tsa feberu, litlhōrō tse bohloko, 'me hammoho le sena - li-monologues tse telele. E kenelletse ka motif-monogram ea Shostakovich (D-(e)S-С-Н), e kenyelletsa mantsoe a qotsitsoeng mesebetsing ea hae (ho tloha ho Borobeli le Leshome Symphonies, Sonata bakeng sa Viola, joalo-joalo), hammoho le ho tsoa ho li-Symphonies tsa Borobeli le Leshome. mesebetsi ea Tishchenko (ho tloha ho Third Symphony, ea Bohlano Piano Sonata, Piano Concerto). Ena ke mofuta oa puisano pakeng tsa motho e monyenyane oa mehleng ea kajeno le ea hōlileng, "morabe oa relay of generations".

Maikutlo a tsoang ho 'mino oa Shostakovich a ne a boetse a bonahatsoa ka li-sonata tse peli bakeng sa fiolo le piano (1957 le 1975). Ho Sonata ea Bobeli, setšoantšo se ka sehloohong se qalang le se qetellang mosebetsi ke puo e utloisang bohloko ea oratorical. Sonata ena ha e tloaelehe ka ho hlophisoa - e na le likarolo tse 7, tseo ho tsona tse sa tloaelehang li etsang "meralo" e utloahalang (Selelekela, Sonata, Aria, Postlude), esita le tsona ke "likhao" tse hlalosang maikutlo (Intermezzo I, II). , III ka presto tempo). Ballet "Yaroslavna" ("Eclipse") e ngotsoe ho latela seemahale se ikhethang sa bongoli sa Russia ea Boholo-holo - "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" (e lokolloa ke O. Vinogradov).

Sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa ho ballet se tlatsitsoe ke karolo ea choral e ntlafatsang tatso ea lentsoe la Serussia. Ho fapana le tlhaloso ea morero ho opera ea A. Borodin "Prince Igor", moqapi oa lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo. ho hatisoa tlokotsi ea ho hlōloa ha mabotho a Igor. Puo ea pele ea 'mino oa ballet e kenyelletsa lipina tse hlabang tse tsoang ho sehlopha sa banna, morethetho o matla oa letšolo la sesole, "ho bokolla" ho tsoa sehlopheng sa 'mino oa liletsa ("The Steppe of Death"), lipina tse nyarosang tsa moea, tse re hopotsang molumo oa qenehela.

Concerto ea Pele ea Cello le Orchestra e na le mohopolo o ikhethileng. “Ntho e kang lengolo le eang ho motsoalle,” mongoli o itse ka eena. Mofuta o mocha oa nts'etsopele ea 'mino o bonoa sebopehong, se ts'oanang le kholo ea semela ho tsoa ho lijo-thollo. Concerto e qala ka molumo o le mong oa cello, o tsoelang pele ho ba "spurs, letlobo." Joalokaha eka ke ka booona, ho hlaha pina ea thoriso, e fetohang puo e le ’ngoe ea mongoli, “maipolelo a moea.” 'Me ka mor'a qaleho ea pale, mongoli o hlahisa tšoantšiso ea sefefo, e nang le sehlohlolo se bohale, se lateloang ke ho tloha sebakeng sa ho thuisa ka leseli. Shostakovich o itse: "Ke tseba konsarete ea pele ea cello ea Tishchenko ka hlooho. Joalo ka mesebetsi eohle ea ho qapa ea lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng tsa lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo, 'mino oa Tishchenko o fetoha molumo oa lentsoe, o khutlelang tšimolohong ea bonono ba' mino.

V. Kholopova