Camille Saint-Saens |

Camille Saint-Saens

Saint-Saens ke oa naha ea habo ea sehlopha se senyenyane sa baemeli ba mohopolo oa tsoelo-pele ea 'mino. P. Tchaikovsky

C. Saint-Saens o ile a theohela historing haholo-holo e le moqapi, sebapali sa piano, tichere, mokhanni oa lipina. Leha ho le joalo, talenta ea motho enoa ea nang le neo ea sebele lefatšeng ka bophara e hole le ho felloa ke matla ke likarolo tse joalo. Saint-Saens e ne e boetse e le sengoli sa libuka tsa filosofi, lingoliloeng, pente, theatre, lithothokiso le litšoantšiso, a ngola lingoloa tse nyarosang le ho taka litšoantšo. O khethiloe e le setho sa French Astronomical Society, hobane tsebo ea hae ea fisiks, bolepi ba linaleli, baepolli ba lintho tsa khale le histori e ne e se tlaase ho erudition ea bo-rasaense ba bang. Lingoliloeng tsa hae tse tsietsang, moqapi o ile a bua khahlano le mefokolo ea lithahasello tsa boqapi, litumelo, 'me a buella thuto e felletseng ea litatso tsa bonono tsa sechaba ka kakaretso. Moqapi o ile a hatisa: “Tatso ea sechaba, ebang e ntle kapa e bonolo, ha ho tsotellehe, ke tataiso ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa moetsi oa litšoantšo. Ebang ke setsebi kapa talenta, ho latela tatso ena, o tla khona ho etsa mesebetsi e metle.

Camille Saint-Saens o hlahetse lelapeng le amanang le bonono (ntate oa hae o ile a ngola lithothokiso, 'mè oa hae e ne e le setsebi). Talenta e khanyang ea 'mino oa moqapi e ile ea iponahatsa bongoaneng bo joalo, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore e be khanya ea "Mozart oa bobeli". Ho tloha ha a le lilemo li tharo, moqapi oa ka moso o ne a se a ntse a ithuta ho bapala piano, a le lilemo li 5 o ile a qala ho qapa 'mino,' me ho tloha ho tse leshome o ile a bapala piano ea konsarete. Ka 1848, Saint-Saens o ile a kena Paris Conservatory, moo a ileng a qeta lilemo tse 3 hamorao, pele a le sehlopheng sa 'mele, ka mor'a moo a le sehlopheng sa lihlopha. Ha a qeta sekolong sa Conservatory, Saint-Saens e ne e se e le sebini se hōlileng tsebong, mongoli oa lipina tse ngata, ho akarelletsa le First Symphony, e neng e ananeloa haholo ke G. Berlioz le C. Gounod. Ho tloha ka 1853 ho isa ho 1877 Saint-Saens o ile a sebetsa likerekeng tse fapaneng tsa Paris. Bonono ba hae ba ho ntlafatsa litho tsa 'mele ka potlako bo ile ba hapa kananelo lefatšeng ka bophara Europe.

Monna ea matla a sa khathaleng, Saint-Saens, leha ho le joalo, ha a felle feela ho bapala organ le ho qapa 'mino. O sebetsa e le sebapali sa piano le mokhanni, o hlophisa le ho hatisa mesebetsi ea litsebi tsa khale, o ngola mesebetsi ea theory, 'me e ba e mong oa bathehi le matichere a National Musical Society. Lilemong tsa bo-70. liqapi li hlaha ka ho latellana, li kopana ka cheseho ke batho ba mehleng ena. Har’a tsona ho na le lithothokiso tsa ’mino oa lipina tsa Omphala’s Spinning Wheel and Dance of Death, li-opera tsa The Yellow Princess, The Silver Bell le Samson le Delilah – e ’ngoe ea litlhōrō tsa mosebetsi oa moqapi.

Ha a tlohela mosebetsi likerekeng tse kholo, Saint-Saens o inehela ka ho felletseng ho qapa. Ka nako e tšoanang, o tsamaea haholo ho pota lefatše. Sebini se tummeng o ile a khethoa e le setho sa Mokhatlo oa Fora (1881), ngaka e hlomphehang ea Univesithi ea Cambridge (1893), setho se hlomphehang sa lekala la St. Petersburg la RMS (1909). Botaki ba Saint-Saens bo 'nile ba fumana kamohelo e mofuthu Russia, eo moqapi a' nileng a e etela khafetsa. O ne a e-na le botsoalle le A. Rubinstein le C. Cui, o ne a thahasella haholo 'mino oa M. Glinka, P. Tchaikovsky, le baqapi ba Kuchkist. E ne e le Saint-Saens ea ileng a tlisa Boris Godunov clavier oa Mussorgsky ho tloha Russia ho ea Fora.

Ho fihlela qetellong ea matsatsi a hae, Saint-Saens o ne a phela bophelo bo botle ba pōpo: o ile a qapa, a sa tsebe mokhathala, a fana ka likonsarete le ho tsamaea, a tlalehiloeng litlalehong. Sebini se lilemo li 85 se ile sa fana ka likonsarete tsa hae tsa ho qetela ka Phato 1921 nakoana pele ho lefu la hae. Nakong eohle ea mosebetsi oa hae oa pōpo, moqapi o ile a sebetsa ka mokhoa o atlehileng haholo lefapheng la mefuta ea liletsa, a fana ka sebaka sa pele sa mesebetsi ea konsarete ea virtuoso. Mesebetsi e joalo ea Saint-Saëns e kang Introduction le Rondo Capriccioso bakeng sa Violin le Orchestra, Concerto ea Boraro ea Violin (e nehetsoeng ho sebapali se tummeng sa fiolo P. Sarasata), le Cello Concerto li se li tsebahala haholo. Mesebetsi ena le tse ling (Organ Symphony, lithothokiso tsa symphonic tsa lenaneo, li-concerto tse 5 tsa piano) li behile Saint-Saens har'a liqapi tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Mafora. O ile a etsa lipina tsa opera tse 12, tseo ho tsona tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa e neng e le Samsone le Delila, tse ngotsoeng pale ea Bibele. E qalile ho etsoa Weimar e tsamaisoang ke F. Liszt (1877). 'Mino oa' mino oa opera o hohela ka bophara ba phefumoloho ea melodic, khahleho ea tšobotsi ea 'mino ea setšoantšo se bohareng - Delila. Ho ea ka N. Rimsky-Korsakov, mosebetsi ona ke "mokhoa o motle oa ho sebetsa ka mokhoa oa opereishene."

Bonono ba Saint-Saens bo tšoauoa ka litšoantšo tsa mantsoe a bobebe, ho thuisa, empa, ho feta moo, mekhoa e metle le maikutlo a thabo. Tšimoloho ea kelello, e utloahalang hangata e laola maikutlo a 'mino oa hae. Moqapi o sebelisa haholo melumo ea litšōmo le mefuta ea letsatsi le letsatsi liqaping tsa hae. Pina le melos ea phatlalatso, morethetho oa selefouno, mohau le mefuta e fapaneng ea sebopeho, ho hlaka ha 'mala oa liletsa, ho qaptjoa ha melaoana ea khale le ea thothokiso ea lerato - likarolo tsena kaofela li bonts'oa mesebetsing e metle ea Saint-Saens, ea ngotseng e' ngoe ea tse khanyang ka ho fetesisa. maqephe a nalane ea setso sa lefats'e sa mmino.

I. Vetlitsyna

Kaha o ne a phetse nako e telele, Saint-Saens o ile a sebetsa ho tloha bonyenyaneng ho fihlela qetellong ea matsatsi a hae, haholo-holo ka litholoana tšimong ea mefuta ea liletsa. Lithahasello tsa hae li pharalletse: moqapi ea hlahelletseng, sebapali sa piano, mokhanni, mohlahlobisisi ea bohlale oa polemicist, o ne a thahasella lingoliloeng, bolepi ba linaleli, thuto ea liphoofolo, botania, a tsamaea haholo, 'me o ne a buisana ka botsoalle le batho ba bangata ba ka sehloohong ba' mino.

Berlioz o ile a hlokomela pina ea pele ea ’mino oa Saint-Saens ea lilemo li leshome le metso e supileng ka mantsoe ana: “Mohlankana enoa o tseba ntho e ’ngoe le e ’ngoe, o haelloa ke ntho e le ’ngoe feela—ho hloka phihlelo.” Gounod o ngotse hore symphony e beha tlamo ho mongoli oa eona ho "ba monghali e moholo". Ka maqhama a setsoalle se haufi, Saint-Saens o ne a amahanngoa le Bizet, Delibes le baqapi ba bang ba bangata ba Mafora. E ne e le eena moqapi oa pōpo ea "Mokhatlo oa Sechaba".

Lilemong tsa bo-70, Saint-Saens e ile ea e-ba haufi le Liszt, ea ileng a ananela talenta ea hae haholo, ea ileng a thusa ho etsa opera ea Samsone le Delila ho Weimar, 'me a lula a hopola Liszt ka ho sa feleng. Saint-Saens o ile a etela Russia khafetsa, e ne e le metsoalle ea A. Rubinstein, ka tlhahiso ea ho qetela o ile a ngola Concerto ea hae e tummeng ea Piano ea Bobeli, o ne a thahasella haholo 'mino oa Glinka, Tchaikovsky le Kuchkists. Ka ho khetheha, o ile a hlahisa libini tsa Mafora ho Boris Godunov Clavier oa Mussorgsky.

Bophelo bo joalo bo nang le maikutlo a mangata le ho kopana ha batho ka bomong bo ile ba hatisoa mesebetsing e mengata ea Saint-Saens, 'me ba ile ba iponahatsa ba le sethaleng sa konsarete nako e telele.

Kaha Saint-Saens o ne a e-na le bokhoni bo ikhethang, o ile a tseba mokhoa oa ho ngola mongolo ka bokhabane. O ne a e-na le mekhoa e metle ea bonono, a ikamahanya le mekhoa e fapaneng ka bolokolohi, mekhoa ea boqapi, a kenyelletsa litšoantšo tse ngata, lihlooho le merero. O ile a loana khahlanong le mefokolo ea lihlopha tsa lihlopha tsa pōpo, khahlanong le ho fokola ha ho utloisisa menyetla ea bonono ea 'mino, kahoo e ne e le sera sa tsamaiso leha e le efe ea bonono.

Thesis ena e tsamaea joalo ka khoele e khubelu ho pholletsa le lingoloa tsohle tsa bohlokoa tsa Saint-Saens, tse hlolloang ke lintho tse ngata tse makatsang. Ho bonahala mongoli a ikhanyetsa ka boomo: “Motho e mong le e mong o lokolohile ho fetola tumelo ea hae,” o re. Empa ena e mpa e le mokhoa feela oa ho ntlafatsa mohopolo. Saint-Saens e khopisoa ke thuto ea bolumeli ho lipontšo life kapa life tsa eona, ebang ke ho hlolloa ke li-classics kapa thoriso! mekhoa ea bonono ea feshene. O emela bophara ba maikutlo a botle.

Empa ka morao ho polemic ho na le maikutlo a ho hloka botsitso ho tebileng. O ile a ngola ka 1913 a re: “Tlhaboloho ea rōna e ncha ea Europe, e hatela pele ka tsela e khahlanong le bonono. Saint-Saëns o khothalelitse baqapi ho tseba hamolemo litlhoko tsa bonono tsa bamameli ba bona. "Tatso ea sechaba, e ntle kapa e mpe, ha ho tsotellehe, ke tataiso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa moetsi oa litšoantšo. Ebang ke setsebi kapa talenta, ho latela tatso ena, o tla khona ho etsa mesebetsi e metle. Saint-Saens o ile a lemosa bacha khahlanong le ho nkeha maikutlo a bohata: “Haeba u batla ho ba ntho leha e le efe, lula u le Mofora! E-ba uena, u be oa nako ea hau le naha ea hau ... ".

Lipotso tsa bonnete ba naha le demokrasi ea 'mino li ile tsa phahamisoa ka matla le ka nako e nepahetseng ke Saint-Saens. Empa tharollo ea litaba tsena ka khopolo le ka ts'ebetso, ka boqapi, e tšoauoa ka ho hanyetsana ho hoholo ho eena: 'muelli oa litatso tsa bonono tse se nang leeme, botle le kutloano ea setaele e le tiiso ea phihlello ea' mino, Saint-Saens, ho loanela semmuso phetheho, ka linako tse ling e hlokomolohuoa pithiness. Eena ka boeena o ile a bua ka sena litlalehong tsa hae ka Bizet, moo a ngotseng ntle le ho hlonama: "Re ne re phehella lipakane tse fapaneng - o ne a batla pele ho tsohle bakeng sa takatso le bophelo, 'me ke ne ke lelekisa chimera ea bohloeki ba mokhoa le phetheho ea sebopeho. ”

Ho lelekisa "chimera" joalo ho ile ha thefula sepheo sa boiqapelo ba Saint-Saens, 'me hangata mesebetsing ea hae o ne a thella holim'a liketsahalo tsa bophelo ho fapana le ho senola botebo ba likhanyetsano tsa bona. Leha ho le joalo, boikutlo bo botle ba bophelo, bo hlahang ho eena, ho sa tsotellehe lipelaelo, pono ea lefatše ea botho, e nang le tsebo e ntle ea tekheniki, mokhoa o babatsehang oa mokhoa le sebōpeho, o thusitse Saint-Saens ho etsa mesebetsi e mengata ea bohlokoa.

M. Druskin

Liqapi:

Opera (kakaretso 11) Ntle le Samsone le Delila, ke matsatsi a qalang feela a fanoeng ka masakaneng. The Yellow Princess, libretto by Galle (1872) The Silver Bell, freetto by Barbier and Carré (1877) Samson and Delilah, libretto by Lemaire (1866-1877) “Étienne Marcel”, libretto by Galle (1879) “Henry VIII”, libretto by Detroit and Sylvester (1883) Proserpina, libretto by Galle (1887) Ascanio, libretto by Galle (1890) Phryne, libretto by Augue de Lassus (1893) "Barbarian", libretto by Sardu i Gezi (1901) "Elena" 1904) "Ntate" (1906)

Lipina tse ling tsa 'mino le litšoantšiso Javotte, ballet (1896) 'Mino oa lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa lipapali (ho akarelletsa le koluoa ​​​​ea Sophocles Antigone, 1893)

Mesebetsi ea Symphonic Matsatsi a sebopeho a fanoa ka masakaneng, ao hangata a sa tsamaisaneng le matsatsi a phatlalatso ea mesebetsi e boletsoeng (mohlala, Concerto ea Bobeli ea Violin e hatisitsoe ka 1879 - lilemo tse mashome a mabeli a motso o mong ka mor'a hore e ngoloe). Ho joalo le ka karolo ea chamber-instrumental. Pele Symphony Es-dur op. 2 (1852) Second Symphony a-moll op. 55 (1859) Third Symphony (“Symphony with Organ”) c-moll op. 78 (1886) "Omphal's spinning wheel", symphonic poem op. 31 (1871) "Phaeton", thothokiso ea symphonic kapa. 39 (1873) "Motjeko oa Lefu", thothokiso ea symphonic op. 40 (1874) "Youth of Hercules", thothokiso ea symphonic op. 50 (1877) "Carnival of the Animals", Great Zoological Fantasy (1886)

likonsarete Concerto ea pele ea piano ho D-dur op. 17 (1862) Bobeli Piano Concerto ka g-moll op. 22 (1868) Mokete oa Boraro oa Piano Es-dur op. 29 (1869) Mokete oa piano oa bone oa c-moll op. 44 (1875) "Africa", fantasy bakeng sa piano le orchestra, op. 89 (1891) ea Bohlano ea Piano Concerto ho F-dur op. 103 (1896) Concerto ea Pele ea Violin A-dur op. 20 (1859) Kenyelletso le rondo-capriccioso bakeng sa violin le orchestra op. 28 (1863) Concerto ea Bobeli ea Violin C-dur op. 58 (1858) Konsato ea boraro ea fiolo ka h-moll op. 61 (1880) Sekhechana sa konsarete bakeng sa fiolo le 'mino oa liletsa, op. 62 (1880) Cello Concerto a-moll op. 33 (1872) Allegro appassionato bakeng sa cello le liletsa tsa 'mino oa liletsa, op. 43 (1875)

Mesebetsi ea liletsa tsa kamore Piano quintet a-moll op. 14 (1855) Trio ea pele ea piano ho F-dur op. 18 (1863) Cello Sonata c-moll op. 32 (1872) Piano quartet B-dur op. 41 (1875) Septet bakeng sa terompeta, piano, 2 fiolo, viola, cello le double bass op. 65 (1881) Sonata ea pele ea fiolo ka d-moll, op. 75 (1885) Capriccio on Danish and Russian Themes for flute, oboe, clarinet le piano op. 79 (1887) Boraro ba piano ba bobeli ka e-moll op. 92 (1892) Violin ea Bobeli Sonata Es-dur op. 102 (1896)

Mesebetsi ea mantsoe Hoo e ka bang lipina tse 100, lipina tsa lipina, libini tse ngata, mesebetsi e mengata ea 'mino o halalelang (har'a tsona: Mass, Christmas Oratorio, Requiem, 20 motets le tse ling), oratorios le cantatas ("Lechato la Prometheus", "Moroallo", "Lyre le Harp" le tse ling).

Lingoliloeng tsa lingoliloeng Pokello ea lihlooho: "Harmony and Melody" (1885), "Portraits and Memoirs" (1900), "Tricks" (1913) le tse ling.