Diatonic |

ho tsoa ho "dia" ea Segerike - ho ea, hammoho le tonos - molumo (molumo oohle), litlhaku - ho tsamaisana le melumo.

Sistimi ea melumo e supileng, melumo eohle ea eona e ka hlophisoang ka karolo ea bohlano e phethahetseng. Joalo, mohlala, ke tatellano ea linako ka Segerike se seng. tetrachord ea diatonic: e1 - d1 - c1 - h (lithane tse peli tse feletseng le semitone), ho fapana le tatellano ea linako tsa chromatic. tetrachord e1 - des1 - c 1 - h (ha ho na lithane tse feletseng). Diatonic ke linako le likhetho tse ka fumanoang ka har'a ketane ea likarolo tse tšeletseng ho tse hlano (mohlala o fanoe ka senotlolo sa C-dur):

(ka linako tse ling tritone e le phapang ea bone e hloekileng kapa ea bohlano e hloekileng e nkoa e se diatonic, empa e le nako ea chromatic).

Ho na le kamano e tiileng pakeng tsa palo ea likhao tsa mofuta o le mong le palo ea mehato ea bohlano (Q) e etsang nako ena ka D e hloekileng. pakeng tsa kakaretso ea melumo tsamaisong le palo ea mehato ea bohlano:

h. pele, h. octave (0Q) e etsahala ka makhetlo a 7 (7-0), h. ea bohlano, h. kotara (1Q) e hlaha makhetlo a 6 (7-1), b. ea bobeli, m. ea bosupa (2Q) e hlaha makhetlo a 5 (7-2), b. ea botšelela, m. ea boraro (3Q) e hlaha makhetlo a 4 (7-3), b. ea boraro, m. ea botšelela (4Q) e hlaha makhetlo a 3 (7-4), b. ea bosupa, m. ea bobeli (5Q) e hlaha ka makhetlo a 2 (7-5), tritone (6Q) e etsahala 1 nako (7-6).

Likhahla li boetse li nkoa e le diatonic maemong ao ha li thehoa ka mehato e fetotsoeng ka chromatically (mohlala, as-b ke molumo o feletseng oa diatonic, ntle le moelelo le senotlolo, mohlala, ho C-dur). Hoa tšoana le ho li-chords (mohlala, ges-b-des ho C-dur ke molumo oa diatonic ka sekala se seng sa diatonic). Ka hona, GL Catoire o khetholla chord ea chromatic. haholo-holo (mohlala, d-fis-as-c) le chromatic. ka boemo (mohlala, des-f-as ho C-dur). Mefuta e mengata ea boholo-holo ea Bagerike ke diatonic, hammoho le mekhoa ea mehleng ea khale le mekhoa e meng ea tlhaho, ho kenyelletsa le mekhoa ea Ionian (e kholo ea tlhaho) le ea Aeolian (ea tlhaho e nyane):

Ka kutloisiso e pharaletseng, ho thoeng ke. mekhoa ea diatonic e nang le maemo, mekhoa e fapaneng ea diatonic, litsamaiso le sekala (bona mokhoa). Ho tse ling tsa mekhoa ena, hammoho le lithane le li-semitones, ho hōlisa le hona ho kena. ea bobeli.

Anhemitonic pentatonic (ho ea ka poleloana ea Catoire, "protodiatonic") le Mehla e Bohareng. li-hexachords li ka hlalosoa e le diatonic e sa fellang. litsamaiso.

Ka linako tse ling litsamaiso tsa melumo e 12 (mehato e 12) li bitsoa diatonic, mohato o mong le o mong oo ho oona o nkoang o le o ikemetseng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, moelelo o fapaneng o kenngoa mohopolong oa D.: D. e le sehlopha sa motheo. mehato (AS Ogolevets, MM Skorik).

Ka Segerike se seng. D. 'mino e ne e le e' ngoe ea mekhoa e meraro ea modal ("genera"), hammoho le chromaticity, e neng e sebelisa metsotsoana e 'meli e nyenyane ka tatellano, hammoho le keketseho. ea bobeli, le li-anharmonics, tse tobileng tsa tsona e neng e le linako tse ka tlaase ho semitone. Ka Segerike sena 'mino o tšoana le litso tse ling tsa khale tsa monophonic, haholo-holo tsa Bochabela bo Hare le Mediterranean.

Mefuta e fapaneng ea D. e theha motheo oa Europe Bophirimela. le bonono ba lipina tsa setso sa Serussia, hammoho le moprofesa. 'Mino oa Europe (chant ea Gregorian), haholo-holo ka mor'a tumello ea polyphony e le mofuta o ka sehloohong oa' mino. nehelano. harmonic ho kopanngoa ha mantsoe ho etsoa haholo-holo ka thuso ea ketso e kopanyang ea li-consonances tse bonolo ka ho fetisisa - karolo ea bohlano le ea bone, 'me kopano ea bone ea quint ea mantsoe e tlatsetsa pontšong ea diatonic. likamano.

Sistimi ea li-hexachords, e atileng ho tloha mehleng ea Guido d'Arezzo (bona Solmization), e ne e tsitsitsoe ka har'a moralo oa diatonic ka kakaretso. ho feto-fetoha ha mokhoa oa tsamaiso (haholo-holo ka lichifi

-molle le

-durum, ke hore b le h). Phapang e tšoanang ea modal le eona ke tšobotsi ea Serussia. 'mino oa kereke (h ka tlase le b ka holimo, sheba "sekala sa letsatsi le letsatsi" mohlaleng o ka holimo). Se amanang le sena ke tloaelo ea ho ngola mantsoe ka dec. litlhaku tse ka sehloohong, mohlala. e se nang matshwao ka lentswe le ka hodimo le se nang le sephara se le seng tlase.

G. de Macho. Ballad 1. Ci comencent les balades ou il ha chant, bar 1-3.

Ka ho thehoa ha puso ea "harmonic. tonality”—e kholo le e nyenyane (ho tloha lekholong la bo17 la lilemo), mofuta o mocha oa liletsa, o thehiloeng ho func. tsamaiso ea lihlopha tse tharo tse kholo - li-tonics, li-dominants le li-subdominants, tse hokahaneng ke kamano e matla ka ho fetisisa ea bohlano. Ho fokotsa bohareng ba mokhoa o ipapisitseng le func. kutloano ho lebisa ho thehoeng ha chord-harmonic e ncha. likhokahano tsa lithane tsa mokhoa (mohlala, ho C-dur, molumo oa d o hokahane le prima ea tonic ka molumo o ka sehloohong oa g, molumo e - oa tonic triad, f - joalo ka molumo oa mantlha. ea subdominant, joalo-joalo), e bonoang ka tatellano ea li-chords (ka khopolo-taba e tiisitsoe ke JF Rameau). Li-non-diatonic Elements le chromatics li thehoa motheong oa D. ka bobeli ka melodically le chordally-harmonically ka ho fetola, ho kopanya lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng tsa diatonic. likarolo ka tatellano le ka nako e le 'ngoe (polydiatonic).

Ka 19 - kopa. Lekholong la bo20 la lilemo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, D. ea khale e ile ea tsosolosoa ’me D. Nar. ntlo ea polokelo le haufi le eona (ho F. Chopin, F. Liszt, E. Grieg, K. Debussy, haholo-holo ho baqapi ba Serussia - MI Glinka, MA Balakirev, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, MP Mussorgsky le ba bang).

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho na le phetoho ho chromaticity e le motheo oa sebopeho sa bophahamo. Tšimoloho ea ts'ebetso ena e behiloe ke "Tristan" ke R. Wagner. E fetotsoe ka botlalo ho bongata ba chromatic. baqapi ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, haholo-holo baemeli ba sekolo se secha sa Viennese.

AK Lyadov. Lipina tse robeli tsa Serussia. III. Mohala o hohelang.

Mminong oa lekholong la bo20 la lilemo ho sebelisoa mefuta e fapaneng ea D.: D. nar. ntlo ea polokelo, e haufi le ea khale. tse kholo le tse nyane; D. ho senyeha. liphetoho, polylady, polydiatonic. metsoako (IF Stravinsky, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, B. Bartok). Hangata D. e sala feela e le motheo, ho feta kapa ka tlaase ho lesira (SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, P. Hindemith), kapa e hlaha e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea batho bao e seng diatonic. meaho (mabala a diatonic a tšoailoe ka masakaneng):

SS Prokofiev. "Betrothal ntlong ea baitlami" ("Duenna"). Setshwantsho sa 2, pheletso.

References: Serov AN, Serussia setso pina e le taba ea saense, "Musical Season", 1869/70, No 18, 1870/71, No No 6 le 13; Petr VI, Ka lipina, libopeho le mekhoa ea 'mino oa khale oa Segerike, K., 1901; Catuar GL, Thuto ea Khopolo ea kutloano, karolo ea 1, M., 1924; Tyulin Yu. N., Ho ruta ka kutloano, karolo 1, L., 1937, 1966; ea hae, mekhoa ea Tlhaho le ea ho fetola, M., 1971; Ogolevets AS, Lintho tsa motheo tsa puo ea harmonic, M.-L., 1941; Kastalsky AD, Lintho tsa motheo tsa polyphony ea batho, M.-L., 1948; Sposobin IV, Khopolo ea mantlha ea 'mino, M., 1951, 1958; Kushnarev XS, Lipotso tsa histori le khopolo ea 'mino oa monodic oa Armenia, L., 1958; Berkov VO, Harmony, karolo ea 1, M., 1962; 1970; Skorik MM, Prokofiev le Schoenberg, "SM", 1962, No 1; Karklin LA, Kakaretso ea phihlelo e sebetsang, "SM", 1965, No 7; Sohor AH, Ka Tlhaho le Menyetla e Hlahisang ea Diatonicism, ka: Lipotso tsa Khopolo le Aesthetics of Music, vol. 4, L.-M., 1965; Sposobin IV, Lipuo tse mabapi le ho lumellana, M., 1969; Kotlyarevsky IA, Diatonics le Chromatics e le Sehlopha sa 'Mino oa Myslennia, Kipv, 1971; Bochkareva O., Ka mefuta e meng ea diatonic 'mino oa sejoale-joale, ka: Music and Modernity, vol. 7, M., 1971; Sigitov S., Bela Bartok's modal system ea nako ea morao-rao ea popo, ka pokello: Mathata a mokhoa, M., 1972.

Yu. H. Kholopov