E kholo-e nyane |

E kholo-e nyane, sistimi e kholo-e nyane.

1) Lentsoe le bolelang kopano ea mekhoa e fapaneng ka har'a sistimi e le 'ngoe. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ke: eponymous major-minor (mokhoa o moholo o matlafalitsoeng ka li-chords le melumo ea lipina tse nyenyane tse sa tsejoeng) le, ka mokhoa o fokolang hangata, eponymous e nyenyane-e kholo (e nyenyane e ruisitsoeng ka likarolo tsa eponymous major); ho M.-m. e boetse e kenyelletsa motsoako oa mekhoa e tšoanang - harmonic. e kholo le ea harmonic. nyane. Mm. hammoho le chromatic system ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea mokhoa o atolositsoeng oa modal ("tonality e atolositsoeng" - ho latela GL Catuar, IV Sposobin).

E kholo-e nyane

E kholo e nyane

E kholo; li-chords tsa tsamaiso tse tšoanang

Nyenyane; li-chords tsa tsamaiso tse tšoanang

Tšebeliso ea li-harmonies tse khethehileng M. - m. (mehato e tlase ea VI le III ho M.-m., III e phahameng le VI ka e nyane-kholo, joalo-joalo) e fana ka fret multicolor, khanya, e khabisa mololi ka liphetoho tse ncha tsa polymodal:

MP Mussorgsky. Romance "Thaba e phahameng e ile ea fofa ka khutso ...".

SV Rachmaninov. Romance "Hoseng".

Ho latela nalane M.-m. e le mokhoa o khethehileng oa polymodal o entsoeng ka botebo ba classical. tsamaiso ea methapo. Khopolo ea diatonic e kholo le e nyane ka mokhoa o utloahalang e etella pele mohopolo oa M.-m. Leha ho le joalo, beng ka ketsahalo ena e fumanoa mesebetsing ea polyphonic homophonic. ea Renaissance (joalokaha e le, ea mantlha, e ntse e sa khethollehe M.-m.), moo, mohlala, molao e neng e le ho phethela molumo oa melumo e menyenyane ea Dorian, Phrygian le Aeolian ka triad e kholo (sheba chate ea chord ea joalo ka Dorian M.-m. bukeng. ” History of Musical Culture” ka R. Gruber (vol. 1, part 1, M.-L., 1941, p. 399)). Mesaletsa ea sena se se nang phapang organically kena tsamaiso ea tonal ka mokgwa wa e ka sehloohong e busang e monyenyane le ho sebelisana le lintho tse nyenyane tsa tlhaho tse nyenyane (bona, mohlala, mekoallo 8-11 ea 2nd motsamao oa Bach oa Setaliana Concerto), e le. hammoho le ka mokhoa o moholo ("Picardian") oa boraro qetellong ea op e nyenyane. Mehleng ea Baroque, ponahatso ea M.-m. ka kutloisiso e nepahetseng e ka nkoa e le Ch. arr. ho feto-fetoha ha tse kholo le tse nyenyane tsa lebitso le le leng ka har'a moralo oa mohaho o le mong (selelekela sa D-dur ho tloha mokhatlong oa pele oa Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, vols. e nyenyane ea lebitso le tšoanang ho e kholo (JS Bach, selelekela sa k'hoaere “O Mensch, bewein' dein' Sünde gross” bakeng sa setho). Lipapaling tsa khale tsa Viennese M. - m. e fetoha sesebelisoa se matla ka ho fetisisa ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha phapang pakeng tsa mekhoa e meholo le e menyenyane e khethiloeng ka ho hlaka. Ho feto-fetoha ha lebitso le le leng ho sebelisoa ka bokhabane ho li-predicate, likarolo tsa pre-cadence, bohareng le nts'etsopele (modulation ea DA in the 1st movement of Beethoven's 27nd symphony), ka linako tse ling ka mebala e matla. phello (Sonata ea bo35 ea Beethoven bakeng sa piano, karolo ea 1). Wok. 'Minong, kenyelletso ea li-chords tsa mokhoa o fapaneng le tšekamelo e boetse e sebeletsa ho bonahatsa thothokiso e fapaneng. litšoantšo (Leporello's aria ho tloha opera "Don Giovanni" ea Mozart). Letsatsi la katleho ea M.-m. ka mefuta eohle ea eona e oela nakong ea maikutlo a lerato (F. Schubert, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, E. Grieg, MI Glinka, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov). Metsoako e meholo-e menyenyane e fihla ho teteaneng e kholo ka ho fetisisa le lero le monate, ho fetela ho karo-karolelano ea linotlolo, lipina le meloli. phetohelo (sheba mohlala o ka holimo). Layering mong ho e mong, kamano ea M.-m. hlahisa liketane tsa tertian tse tloaelehileng tsa mehla (mohlala, tatelano e latellanang: tlase VI ho ea tlase VI e lebisa ho khutlela sethaleng sa I; karolo ea 2 ea Antar ea Rimsky-Korsakov). 'Minong oa lekholong la bo16 la lilemo Mm. e sebelisoang e le sesebelisoa sa tloaelo mmoho le chromatic e atolositsoeng le ho feta. tsamaiso (ka SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, P. Hindemith le baqapi ba bang).

E le mokhoa o khethehileng oa modal M.-m. e ile ea phethahala ka con. Lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, haholo-holo lithutong tsa halofo ea 1. Li-Theorists tsa lekholong la bo20 la lilemo tsa mokatong oa pele. le ser. Lekholo la bo1 la lilemo (G. Weber, AB Marx, FJ Fetis) ba ne ba utloisisa mokhoa ona e le diatonic e lekanyelitsoeng ka thata. tsamaiso, ho hlalosa likarolo tsa "khanyetso" e le ho feta meeli ea tsamaiso ("leiterfremde" - "alien to the scale", ho ea ka mantsoe a Sejeremane). Khopolong ea Fetis ea tonality, ts'oaetso ea li-polysystems e se e ntse e utloahala, eo M.-m. (likhopolo tsa “pluritonality”, “omnitonality”). X. Riemann o bua ka "maikutlo a tsoakaneng", a fana ka maikutlo a ho a bitsa "manyane-a maholo" le "maholo-manyane", empa o nahanne ka mefuta e fokolang haholo ea metsoako e joalo (mohlala, e nyenyane e ka sehloohong). Tlhahiso e qaqileng ea thuto ea M.-m. e fumaneha ho FO Gewart. Ka Serussia lit-re idea M.-m. e hlaha ho BL Yavorsky (mantsoe: qalong "e kholo-e nyane", ​​hamorao - "mokhoa oa ketane"). Ho tšoana le khopolo ea Gewart ea M.-m. e behiloe pele ke GL Catuar (tlas'a lebitso "tsamaiso e kholo-e nyane ea lithane tse leshome") le ho ntlafatsoa ke IV Sposobin.

2) Ho khethoa ha classic. tsamaiso ea tonal ea tse kholo le tse nyenyane ho fapana le tsa khale, tsamaiso ea modal le atonal system ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo.

References: Yavorsky B., Sebopeho sa puo ea 'mino (lisebelisoa le lintlha), likarolo tsa 1-3, M., 1908; Catuar G., Khoso ea Khopolo ea kutloano, karolo ea 1, M., 1924; Tsela e sebetsang ea kutloano, likarolo tsa 1-2, M., 1934-35 (Sposobin I., Dubovsky I., Evseev S., Sokolov V.); Berkov V., Harmony, karolo ea 1-3, M., 1962-1966, 1970; Sposobin I., Lipuo ka tsela ea kutloano, M., 1969; Kirina K., Major Minor ho Viennese Classics le Schubert, ka Sat: Art le Lipuo tsa Lichaba Lisele, (Khatiso ea 2), A.-A., 1966; ea hae, tsamaiso ea Major-Minor mosebetsing oa DB Kabalevsky (e thehiloeng ho lisebelisoa tsa lipatlisiso), ibid.

Yu. N. Kholopov