Lihlopha tsa 'mino oa liletsa tsa batho ba liletsa |

Lihlopha tsa 'mino oa liletsa tsa setso - Li-ensembles tse nang le nat. liletsa tsa mmino ka sebopeho sa tsona sa pele kapa se entsoeng bocha. Eena. le. li kopantsoe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang (mohlala, ho tloha ho domra e tšoanang, bandura, mandolin, joalo-joalo) 'me li tsoakane (mohlala, sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa tsa domra-balalaika). Molao-motheo oa mokhatlo O. n. le. ho itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tsa 'mino. setso sa batho bana. Lihlopheng tsa 'mino oa liletsa tsa batho ba sa tsebeng polyphony, ts'ebetso ke heterophonic: lentsoe le leng le le leng le bapala pina e tšoanang,' me barupeluoa ba ka e fetola. Li-ensembles tsa mofuta oa bourdon li etsa lipina tsa thoriso le ho tsamaisana (ka ho toba, ka morao): lintlha tse tsitsitseng, lipalo tsa ostinato; sehlopha se joalo se ka boela sa e-ba le morethetho feela. Lihlopha tsa 'mino oa liletsa tsa lichaba, tseo' mino oa tsona o thehiloeng ho harmonica. Ha e le hantle, ba etsa lipina tsa thoriso le ho tsamaisana le tsona. Li-ensembles tse nyenyane li ne li tloaelehile har'a ba bangata. lichaba ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo, e le bajari ba nar. instr. setso. Ba ne ba e-na le sebaka se seholo bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng (ba bapala ka matsatsi a phomolo, machato, joalo-joalo). Ho instr. lihlopha tsa mekhahlelo ea pele ea tsoelo-pele ea sechaba, 'mino o e-s'o ikemele. bonono, bo amanang le lentsoe, ho bina, motjeko, ketso. Ka mohlala, Maindia a Brazil a tantšing ea ho tsoma ho utloahala molumo oa liphaephe tsa lehong, liphaephe le meropa a tšoantšetsa likolobe-moru le litsomi (liketso tse joalo li tsejoa ke batho ba bangata). Mminong o letswang ke Maafrika (Guinea), batho ba India, Vietnam le ba bang, ka dinako tse ding ho kgethollwa melodi le semelo (hangata se nang le morethetho). Mefuta e khethehileng ea polyphony ke tšobotsi ea sehlopha sa Pan flute (Solomon Islands), Indonesia. papali.

Lichaba tse ngata li thehile meetlo. metsoako instr. li-ensembles: Russia - 'mino. lihlopha tsa libapali tsa lenaka, libapali tsa kuvikla (kuvichki); Ukraine - boraro-bo-bong ba 'mino (violin, bass (bass), licymbala kapa moropa; ka linako tse ling violin le bass; lihlopha tsa 'mino oa boraro-bo-bong li ne li tumme ho fihlela bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo), Belarus - lihlopha tsa violin, licymbala, moropa kapa moropa. violin, licymbala, mohau kapa dudy; Moldova - taraf (clarinet, violin, licymbala, moropa); Uzbekistan le Tajikistan - mashoklya (surnay, kornay, nagora); naheng ea Transcaucasia le Leboea. Caucasus 3 e tsitsitseng instr. li-ensembles - dudukchi (duduk duet), zurnachi (zurn duet, eo hangata ho eketsoang likarolo ho eona), sazandari (tar, keman-cha, daf, hammoho le lipina tse ling); Lithuania - li-ensembles tsa skuduchiai le ragas, Latvia - stabule le suomi dudy, Estonia - likereke tsa mahaeng (mohlala, cannele, violin, harmonica).

Russia, lisebelisoa tsa li-ensembles tsa batho li 'nile tsa tsejoa ho tloha lekholong la bo12 la lilemo. (e bapaloa meketeng, matsatsing a phomolo, nakong ea litšebeletso tsa lepato; e tsamaisana le ho bina, ho tantša). Sebopeho sa bona se kopantsoe (li-sniffles, meropa, harepa; lenaka, harepa) kapa homogeneous (libini tsa li-gooselytsiks, liharepa, joalo-joalo). Ka 1870, NV Kondratiev o ile a hlophisa k'hoaere ea libapali tsa lenaka tsa Vladimir; ka 1886, NI Beloborodov o ile a hlophisa sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa oa chromatic. harmonica, ka 1887 VV Andreev - "The Circle of Balalaika Lovers" (ensemble ea libini tse 8), ka 1896 e ile ea fetoloa ho Great Orchestra ea Russia. Lihlopha tsena li ne li sebetsa metseng ea Russia le linaheng tse ling. Ka ho latela mohlala oa sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa sa Andreev, setsebi sa lipapali O. n. le. Ka 1902, G. Khotkevich, a eketsa libapali tsa bandura le lyre ho sehlopha, o ile a theha Seukraine ea pele. Eena. le. Lithuania ka 1906 ethnographic ensemble ea boholo-holo cancles. Ka thepa. folklore, moo woks e bapalang karolo e ka sehloohong. mefuta, instr. ensembles tonakholo. e tsamayang le ho tjeka le ho bina. Ka 1888 ho ile ha hlophisoa thepa ea pele. nat. okhestra. Armenia, li-ensembles tsa setso Lisebelisoa li bile teng ho tloha BC. e. Ka con. Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo sehlopha sa ashug Jivani se ile sa tuma.

Merubising nako maemo bakeng sa tsoelo-pele e pharaletseng ea O. ea n a bōpa. le. Lirephabliking tsa Union le tse ikemetseng, ho ile ha etsoa mosebetsi o mongata oa ho ntlafatsa le ho aha libunka bocha. lisebelisoa tsa 'mino tse tlatselitseng ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa bona oa ho bua. le theknoloji. menyetla (sheba Ho tsosolosoa ha liletsa tsa 'mino). E 'ngoe ea lihlopha tsa pele tsa liletsa tse entsoeng ka li-bunks tse ntlafalitsoeng. lisebelisoa, e ne e le seo ho thoeng ke. Symphony ea Bochabela. Okhestra e hlophisitsoeng ke VG Buni ka 1925-26 Armenia.

Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1940 ho li-Ensembles tsa setso li ntse li hlahisoa ka ho eketsehileng ho tlatsana. lisebelisoa. Kahoo, ka ensemble ea Serussia. kuvikl hangata e kenyelletsa snot, zhaleyka le violin, duet ea Caucasian ea zurn le dudukov e tsamaisana le harmonica "ea bochabela", joalo-joalo Harmonica, haholo-holo mefuta ea eona e kang konopo ea accordion, accordion, e kenyelelitsoe haholo ho tse ngata. nat. lihlopha. Sebopeho sa Serussia He. le., ho phaella ho accordion konopo, ba boetse ba ka linako tse ling akarelletsa zhaleyki, manaka, likhaba, 'me ka linako tse ling lekolilo, oboe, clarinet, le meea e meng. liletsa (ka mohlala, sehlopheng sa 'mino oa liletsa tsa Pina le Dance Ensemble ea Sesole sa Soviet se reheletsoeng ka AV Aleksandrov). Ba bangata ba moprofesa. Eena. le., li ile tsa bōptjoa instr. dihlopha dikopanong tsa dipina le motjeko, khwaere. le motjeko. lihlopha, likomiting tsa khaso ea seea-le-moea. Hammoho le moprofesa. Eena. le., laolwa ke selekane le rep. Philharmonic le ho etella pele conc e pharaletseng. mosebetsi, ka USSR, bo-rakhoebo ba ile ba ata. lihlopha tsa 'mino oa liletsa le li-ensembles (matlong a setso, lihlopha). Eena. le. hlaha lirephabliking moo pele ho neng ho se na polyphony le ensemble play (mohlala, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan). Har'a tse mpe ka ho fetisisa. Eena. le: Rus. nar. liletsa tsa 'mino oa liletsa. NP Osipova (Moscow, ho tloha 1940), Rus. nar. liletsa tsa 'mino oa liletsa. VV Andreeva (bona Orchestra ea Russia Folk Instruments), Kazakh. lisebelisoa tsa 'mino oa liletsa tsa batho ho bona. Kurmangazy (1934), Uzbek. liletsa tsa 'mino oa liletsa tsa batho (1938), Nar. sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa tsa BSSR (1938), hlobo ea 'mino oa liletsa. nar. lisebelisoa (1949, ho tloha 1957 "Fluerash") le ensemble ea nar. 'mino oa "Folklore" (1968) Moldova, sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa tsa Rus. nar. libini. MB Pyatnitsky, sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa ho Pina le Motjeko Ensemble ea Merubisi. Ba hlometseng. AV Aleksandrova; instr. sehlopha sa pina le tantši ea Karelian "Kantele" (1936), e khantšitsoeng. Ensemble "Letuva" (1940), Ukr. nar. libini. G. Veryovki (1943). Lisebelisoa tsa 'mino oa liletsa le li-Ensembles li na le repertoire e pharaletseng, e kenyelletsang instr. litšoantšiso, metjeko le lipina tsa batho ba USSR le kantle ho naha. linaha, hammoho le liphooko. baqapi (ho kenyeletsoa le ba ngoliloeng ka ho khetheha bakeng sa O. n. le.), classical. mmino.

Litlelase tsa ho bapala ka nar. lisebelisoa, basebetsi ba koetliso ea moprofesa. baetsi ba litšoantšiso, bakhanni, matichere le batsamaisi ba bonono. litšoantšiso tse sa tloaelehang, li fumaneha ka palo e phahameng ea uch. litsi tsa naha (mohlala, Leningrad, Kyiv, Riga, Baku, Tashkent le conservatories tse ling, Moscow Musical le Pedagogical Institute, mekhatlo setso metseng e mengata), hammoho le 'mino. uch-shah, mmino wa bana. likolo, li-circles tse khethehileng tsa Palaces of Culture le batho ba nang le phihlelo e kholo. lihlopha.

Eena. le. e tlwaelehileng ho socialist tse ding. linaha. Linaheng tsa kantle ho na le moprofesa. le setsebi O. n. le., ho kenyeletsoa le likatara, li-mandolin, libaolo, joalo-joalo. lisebelisoa tsa mmino.

References: Andreev VV, The Great Russian Orchestra le Bohlokoa ba Eona ho Batho, (P., 1917); Alekseev K., Moetsi oa 'Mino oa Boipheliso oa Liletsa tsa Batho, M., 1948; Gizatov B., naha ea Kazakh. Okhestra ea Folk Instruments Kurmangazy, A.-A., 1957; Zhinovich I., Naha. Sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa tsa Belarusian, Minsk, 1958; Vyzgo T., Petrosyants A., Uzbek orchestra ea liletsa tsa setso, Tash., 1962; Sokolov F., VV Andreev le okhestra ea hae, L., 1962; Vertkov K., liletsa tsa 'mino tsa batho ba Russia, L., 1975.

GI Blagodatov