Mekhabiso |

ho tloha. lat. ornamentum - mokhabiso

Melumo ea nako e batlang e le khutšoanyane, e khabisang mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa melodic. O. e kenyelletsa acc. mefuta ea litemana, tyrates, figurations, mohau. Karolo ea O. e boetse e kenyelletsa tremolo le vibrato. Haufi le eona ho na le mefuta e itseng ea morethetho o sa tsejoeng. liphetoho tse etsoang ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetso - rubato, morethetho oa Lombard, joalo-joalo lintlha tse sa tšoaneng (lintlha inégales). Ea morao-rao e ne e sebelisoa ka Sefora. 'mino oa harpsichord 17-18 lilemo tse makholo. Mefuta ea bona e ka sehloohong - e lumelletsoe ho tlhaloso. maemo, tshebetso ya a kopanetsweng leshome le metso e tsheletseng, ya borobedi, kotara ka bolokolohi, haufi le morethetho matheba. O. lintlha tsa melodic. mola, o e tlatsa ka polelo, e eketsa boreleli ba liphetoho tsa molumo. E sebelisoa haholo ka mefuta e fapaneng.

Tšimolohong ea eona le ho iphetola ha lintho O. e amana haufi-ufi le ntlafatso. Ka nako e telele Europe Bophirimela. moprofesa. monophony e ne e rena 'minong. Kaha, tabeng ena, moqapi le moetsi hangata ba ne ba kopantsoe ho motho a le mong, maemo a matle a ile a bōptjoa bakeng sa tsoelo-pele e ruileng ea mekhabiso e ntlafalitsoeng ea mefuta e fapaneng e koahelang 'mino oa melodic. mola ka kakaretso kapa ka dibopuwa. likaroloana. Mofuta ona oa mokhabiso oa meloli o bitsoa. mahala O. E nka sebaka sa bohlokoa ho limusiamo tse ntseng li sa hlahlojoe hantle. meetlo ea batho bao eseng ba Europe. Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea mahala O., e thehiloeng Europe Bophirimela ea khale. mmino, phokotso (3) le coloratura. Coloratura e kanna ea kenyelletsa mekhabiso e menyenyane, e batlang e tsitsitse. melumo, to-rye hangata e bitsoa melismas. Arpeggios e ka boela ea hlalosoa e le melismas, eo, e le mokhelo, e bolelang tse 'maloa. melumo e bopang mehoo. Mekhabiso e khethoa e khethehileng. diaekhone kapa tse ngotsweng ka dinoutu tse nyane. Tloaelo e akaretsang ea tsoelo-pele ea histori ea Europe O. - takatso ea ho laola ka mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa oa likarolo tsa ntlafatso.

Lirekoteng tsa lifela tsa Byzantium le Gregorian, kh. arr. ea pele, hammoho le mefuta e ka sehloohong e khethehileng ea mekhabiso ea neum (mohlala, quilisms), e leng motheo oa eona o e-s'o hlalosoe ka botlalo, e fumanoa ka libeche tse bohlale. Bongata ba O. bo ne bo fapane, ho latela bafuputsi ba bangata, Serussia se seng. kondakar ho bina (sheba le Fita).

Europe Bophirimela. (haholo-holo Setaliana-Sepanishe) polygoal. hantle. 'mino oa morao-rao oa Mehla e Bohareng le Renaissance (motets, madrigals, joalo-joalo) e le ntlafatso. element phetha. art-va thekniki ya diminution e fumane tswelopele e kgolo. O ile a boela a etsa e 'ngoe ea litlhaka tsa texture. metheo ea joalo ea boholo-holo instr. mefuta e kang prelude, ricercar, toccata, fantasy. Dep. mekhoa e fokolang e ile ea hlahella butle-butle lipontšong tse sa tšoaneng tsa puo e lokolohileng, pele ho tsohle qetellong ea melodic. meaho (ka likarolo). Ho pota ser. 15th c. ho eena. org. Letlapa le hlahile setšoantšo sa pele. libeche tsa ho ngola mekhabiso. Ke ser. Lekholo la bo16 la lilemo le ile la sebelisoa haholo - ho senyeha. mefuta e fapaneng le likhokahano - morden, trill, gruppetto, to-rye li ntse li le har'a tse ka sehloohong. instr. mabenyane. Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, ba ile ba thehoa ka mokhoa oa instr. tshebetso.

Ho tloha mokatong oa bobeli. Lekholo la bo2 la lilemo mahala O. e tsoetseng pele hl. arr. Italy, haholo-holo ka melodic e fapaneng. monono wa wok solo. 'mino, hammoho le seletsa sa violin se hohelang ho bokhabane. mmino. Ka nako eo ka violin. 'mino ha o e-s'o fumane ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ea vibrato, e fanang ka maikutlo a melumo e atolositsoeng, 'me mokhabiso o monate oa pina o ile oa sebelisoa e le sebaka sa oona. Mekhabiso ea Melismatic (mekhabiso, litumellano) e fumane tsoelo-pele e khethehileng ea bonono ba Sefora. li-lutenists le li-harpsichordists tsa lekholong la bo16 le la bo17 la lilemo, tseo ho tsona ho neng ho e-na le ho itšetleha ka mokhoa oa tantši. mefuta e tlas'a setaele se rarahaneng. 'Mino oa Sefora ho ne ho e-na le kamano e haufi le instr. litumellano le wok oa lefatše. mantsoe (seo ho thoeng ke airs de cour), ao ka boona a neng a tletse motjeko. polasetiki. Baroetsana ba Manyesemane (bofelong ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo), ba tloaetseng ho bina lipina le mefuta ea tsona. tswelopele, lebaleng la O. e matlafaditswe haholo ke thekeniki ya nyenyefatso. Ke ba seng bakae ba nang le melismatic. litšoantšo tse sebelisoang ke baroetsana li ke ke tsa hlalosoa ka nepo. Austria clavier art-ve, e ileng ea qala ho ntshetsa pele ka matla ho tloha bohareng. Lekholong la 16th, ho fihlela ho JS Bach, ho kenyeletsa, matla a khoheli a lebisang Italy. fokotseha le Sefora. mekhoa ea melismatic. Ho libini tsa Mafora tsa lekholong la bo17 le la bo17 la lilemo. e ile ea e-ba tloaelo ho tsamaisana le pokello ea lipapali tse nang le litafole tsa mekhabiso. Tafole e matla ka ho fetesisa (e nang le mefuta e 18 ea li-melismas) e ile ea hlahisoa pele ho pokello ea harpsichord ea JA d'Anglebert (29); le hoja litafole tsa mofuta ona li fumanoa li sa tšoanelehe. liphapang, li fetohile mofuta oa puo e tloaelehileng. likhalase tsa mabenyane. Haholo-holo, tafoleng e hlophisitsoeng ke Bach ho "Clavier Book for Wilhelm Friedemann Bach" (1689), e ngata e alingoa ho d'Anglebert.

Ho tloha mahala O. ho ea ho mabenyane a laoloang har'a Mafora. sebapali sa harepa se ne se kentsoe ka har'a orc. mmino wa JB Lully. Leha ho le joalo, Sefora molao oa ho roala mabenyane ha o thata ka ho feletseng, kaha esita le tafole e qaqileng ka ho fetisisa e bontša tlhaloso ea bona e nepahetseng feela bakeng sa likopo tse tloaelehileng. Ho kheloha ho nyane ho lumelloa, ho tsamaellana le likarolo tse ikhethileng tsa li-muses. masela. Li itšetlehile ka sutu le tatso ea moetsi, le likhatisong tse nang le lingoliloeng tse ngotsoeng - ka setaele. tsebo, melao-motheo le tatso ea bahlophisi. Ho kheloha ho tšoanang ho ke ke ha qojoa ts'ebetsong ea lipapali tsa leseli la Fora. harpsichordism ea P. Couperin, ea neng a phehella ho batla hore melao ea hae e kenngoe tšebetsong ka nepo ea ho manolla mabenyane. Franz. ho ne ho boetse ho tloaelehile hore li-harpsichordists li nke mekhabiso e fokolang tlas'a taolo ea mongoli, eo ba e ngotseng, haholo-holo, ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng. tse kopitsoang.

Ho con. Lekholong la bo17 la lilemo, ha liletsa tsa liharepa tsa Mafora li se li fetohile baetsi ba feshene tšimong ea bona, mekhabiso e kang trill le grace note, hammoho le melodic. mosebetsi, ba ile ba qala ho etsa harmonic e ncha. ts'ebetso, ho theha le ho chorisa dissonance ho theolelo ea bar. JS Bach, joalo ka D. Scarlatti, hangata o ne a ngola mekhabiso e fapaneng haholo. mongolo oa 'mino (sheba, mohlala, Karolo ea II ea Concerto ea Italy). Sena se ile sa lumella IA Sheiba ho lumela hore ka ho etsa joalo, Bach o amoha mesebetsi ea hae. "botle ba kutloano", hobane baqapi ka nako eo ba ne ba khetha ho ngola mekhabiso eohle e nang le litšoantšo kapa lintlha tse nyane, e le hore e be litšoantšo. litlaleho li ne li bua ka kutloano ka ho hlaka. euphony of the main chords.

F. Couperin o na le Sefora se hloekisitsoeng. setaele sa harpsichord se fihlile sehlohlolong. Lipapaling tse hōlileng tsebong tsa JF Rameau, takatso e ile ea senoloa ho fetela ka nģ'ane ho meeli ea ho nahanisisa ka kamoreng, ho matlafatsa matla a sebetsang a tsoelo-pele, ho e sebelisa 'mino. ho ngola lirotsoana tse pharaletseng tse khabisitsoeng, haholo-holo, ka mokhoa oa li-harmonies tse ka morao. lipapiso. Kahoo tšekamelo ea ho sebelisa mekhabiso e itekanetseng ho Rameau, hammoho le Sefora hamorao. ka mohlala, li-harpsichordists. ho J. Dufly. Leha ho le joalo, karolong ea 3rd. Lekholong la bo18 la lilemo O. o fihlile katlehong e ncha ea tlhahiso. E amahanngoa le mekhoa ea maikutlo. Moemeli ea hlahelletseng oa bonono bona. tataiso ea 'mino e entsoe ke FE Bach, sengoli sa "Phihlelo ea mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho bapala clavier", moo a ileng a ela hloko haholo lipotso tsa O.

Lipalesa tse phahameng tse latelang tsa Viennese classicism, tumellanong le botle bo bocha. maikutlo a hae, a ileng a lebisa tšebelisong e matla le e itekanetseng ea O. Leha ho le joalo, o ile a tsoela pele ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mosebetsing oa J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart le L. Beethoven e monyenyane. Free O. o ile a sala Europe. tonakgolo ya mmino. tšimong ea ho fapana, virtuoso conc. cadenzas le wok. coloratura. Ea ho qetela e bonahala ka maikutlo a lerato. fp. 'mino 1st mokatong. Lekholo la bo19 la lilemo (ka ho khetheha mefuta ea pele ea F. Chopin). Ka nako e tšoanang, molumo o sa utloahaleng oa melismas o ile oa fetoha liluma-'moho; haholo-holo, trill e ile ea qala ho qala preim. eseng ka thuso, empa ka sehlooho. modumo, hangata o nang le sebopeho sa ho tsoa ka ntle. E joalo ea harmonic le morethetho. ho nolofatsa O. ho bapisoa le ho eketseha ha dissonance ya chords ka botsona. Tsoelo-pele e e-s'o ka e e-ba teng ea harmonica e ile ea fetoha tšobotsi ea baqapi ba lerato. moelelo oa tšoantšetso ho fp. mmino o nang le mmala o pharalletseng. tšebeliso ea pedalization, mmoho le litšoantšo tse mebala-bala. li-invoice tsa orc. lintlha. Mokatong oa bobeli. Lekholong la bo2 la lilemo boleng ba O. bo fokotsehile. Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo karolo ea O. ea mahala e ile ea eketseha hape mabapi le ho matlafatsa lintlafatso. e qalile likarolong tse ling tsa 'mino. boiqapelo, mohlala. mminong wa jazz. Ho na le e kholo methodological-theoretical. Lingoliloeng tse mabapi le mathata a O. E hlahisoa ke boiteko bo sa khathaleng ba ho hlakisa ka botlalo liketsahalo tsa O., "ho hanyetsa" sena ntlafatsong ea bona. tlhaho. Bongata ba seo bangoli ba lingoloa ba se hlahisang e le melao e thata e felletseng ea ho hlophisa, ha e le hantle, e fetoha likhothaletso tse fokolang feela.

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BH Bryantseva