Polytonality |
ho tsoa ho polus ea Segerike - tse ngata le tonality
Mofuta o ikhethileng oa nehelano ea molumo, sistimi e kopaneng (empa e kopaneng) ea likamano tsa molumo, e sebelisoang haholo. mminong wa kajeno. P. - "eseng kakaretso ea linotlolo tse 'maloa ... empa motsoako oa bona o rarahaneng, ho fana ka boleng bo bocha ba modal - tsamaiso ea modal e thehiloeng ho polytonicity" (Yu. I. Paisov). P. e ka nka mokhoa oa ho kopanya likhoele tse ngata-ngata (chord P.), melodic ea lithane tse ngata. mela (melodic. P.) le ho kopanya dikotwana le melodi. mela (e tsoakiloeng P.). Ka ntle, P. ka linako tse ling e shebahala e le sebaka se seholo sa likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa tonally holim'a tse ling (sheba mohlala o ka tlase).
P., e le molao, e na le setsi se le seng ("politonic", ho ea ka Paisov), eo, leha ho le joalo, e seng monolithic (joaloka ka senotlolo se tloaelehileng), empa e mengata, e nang le polyharmonically stratified (bona Polyharmony). Likarolo tsa eona ("subtonic", ho ea ka Paisov) li sebelisoa e le tonics ea linotlolo tse bonolo, tsa diatonic (maemong a joalo, P. ke "pseudochromatic" e feletseng, ho latela VG Karatygin; bona Polyladovost).
SS Prokofiev. "Sarcasms", No 3.
Motheo o akaretsang oa ho hlaha ha P. ke sebopeho se rarahaneng (dissonant le chromatic), moo sebopeho sa tertian sa chords se ka bolokoang (haholo-holo maemong a subchords). Mohlala oa polytonic ho tsoa ho "Sarcasms" ea Prokofiev - polychord b - des (cis) - f - ges (fis) - a - ke setsi se le seng se rarahaneng sa tsamaiso, eseng tse peli tse bonolo, tseo, ha e le hantle, re senyang. lona (li-triads b-moll le fis-moll); ka hona, tsamaiso ka kakaretso ha e fokotsehe ebang ke senotlolo se le seng se tloaelehileng (b-moll), kapa ka kakaretso ea tse peli (b-moll + fis-moll). (Joalokaha mofuta o mong le o mong oa manyolo ha o lekane le kakaretso ea likarolo tsa ona, khokahano ea likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa tonal e kopantsoe ka har'a macrosystem e ke keng ea fokotsoa hore e be motsoako o le mong oa linotlolo tse peli kapa tse 'maloa: "synthesis nakong ea ho mamela", mantsoe a polytonal. "li mebala ka senotlolo se le seng se ka sehloohong" - Ho V. Asafiev, 1925; ka hona, macrosystem e joalo ha ea lokela ho bitsoa ka lebitso la monotonality e le 'ngoe ea khale, haholo-holo ka lebitso la monotonities tse peli kapa tse' maloa tsa khale, mohlala, e ke ke ea e-ba teng. ho ka boleloa hore papali ea Prokofiev - bona mohlala oa 'mino - e ngotsoe ka b-moll.)
Tse amanang le khopolo ea P. ke likhopolo tsa polymode, polychord, polyharmony (phapang pakeng tsa tsona e tšoana le pakeng tsa likhopolo tsa motheo: tonality, mode, chord, kutloano). The criterion ka sehloohong e bontšang boteng ba hantle P. e le ka nako e tšoanang. phano ea phano. linotlolo, boemo ke hore e mong le e mong oa bona a se ke a emeloa ke consonance e le 'ngoe (kapa papiso ntle le liphetoho tsa harmonic), empa ka ts'ebetso e hlakileng e utloahalang (G. Erpf, 1927; Paisov, 1971).
Hangata likhopolo tsa "poly-mode", "poly-chord" le "polyharmony" li kopantsoe ka phoso le P. Lebaka la ho kopanya likhopolo tsa poly-mode kapa poly-chord le P. hangata li fana ka khopolo e fosahetseng. tlhaloso ya dintlha tsa temoho: mohlala: mokgoa wa modumo o nkuwa joalo ka ona o ka sehloohong. molumo (tonic) oa senotlolo kapa, mohlala, motsoako oa C-dur le Fis-dur e le likhetho (sheba sehlooho sa Petrushka ho tloha ballet ea lebitso le le leng ka IF Stravinsky, mohlala oa 'mino oa strip 329) e nkoa e le motsoako oa C-dur le Fis- dur e le linotlolo (ke hore likhetho li hlalosoa ka phoso ka lentsoe "tonality"; phoso ena e entsoe, mohlala, ke D. Millau, 1923). Ka hona, boholo ba mehlala ea P. e fanoeng libukeng ha e hlile ha e emele. Ho ntšoa ha likarolo tsa li-harmonics ho tsoa moelelong o rarahaneng oa tonal ho fana ka liphetho tse tšoanang (tse sa nepahalang) joalo ka ho hlakola tumellano ea mantsoe a motho ka mong ho tsoa moelelong o bonolo oa tonal (mohlala, bass in the b-moll fugue stretta by Bach, The Well- Clavier e halefileng, molumo oa 2nd, mekoallo 33 -37 e ne e tla ba ka mokhoa oa Locrian).
Li-prototypes tsa polystructures (P.) li ka bonoa lisampoleng tse ling tsa nar. mmino (mohlala, sutartines). Europe polyphony ke preform ea pele ea P. - modal two-layered (Kotara ea ho qetela ea 13th - First Quarter ea 15th century) e nang le "Gothic cadence" ea mofuta:
cis — d gis — ae – d (sheba Cadence).
Glarean ho Dodecachord (1547) o ile a lumela ka nako e le 'ngoe. motsoako o hlahisoang ke mantsoe a fapaneng a fapaneng. tsieleha. Mohlala o tsebahalang oa P. (1544) - "Motjeko oa Bajuda" oa X. Neusiedler (khatisong "Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich", Bd 37) - ha e le hantle ha e emele P., empa polyscale. Ho ea ka nalane, "polytonally" ea pele e tlalehiloeng ea bohata ea polychord e se e phethela. mekoallo ea "A Musical Joke" ka WA Mozart (K..-V. 522, 1787):
Ka linako tse ling, liketsahalo tse nkoang e le P. li fumanoa 'minong oa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo. (MP Mussorgsky, Litšoantšo Pontšong, "Bajuda ba Babeli"; NA Rimsky-Korsakov, phapang ea 16 ho tloha "Paraphrase" - ka sehlooho se hlahisitsoeng ke AP Borodin). Ketsahalo eo ho thoeng ke P. ke tšobotsi ea 'mino oa lekholong la bo20 la lilemo. (P. Hindemith, B. Bartok, M. Ravel, A. Honegger, D. Milhaud, C. Ive, IF Stravinsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, K. Shimanovsky, B. Lutoslavsky joalo-joalo).
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