Tenor |

itale. tenore, ho tloha lat. tensor - ho sisinyeha ho tsoelang pele, ho sisinyeha ho tšoanang, tsitsipano ea lentsoe, ho tloha teneo - ho toba, ho tšoara (tsela); French tenor, teneur, taille, haute contra, Sejeremane. tenor, Senyesemane tenor

Lentsoe le sa hlakang, le neng le se le ntse le tsejoa Mehleng e Bohareng 'me ka nako e telele le se na moelelo o tiileng: moelelo oa lona ka mokhoa o itseng o lumellana le moelelo oa mantsoe tonus (molumo oa pesaleme, mokhoa oa kereke, molumo o feletseng), modus, tropus (system, mode. ), accentus (ho bua ka mantsoe, khatello ea maikutlo, ho phahamisa lentsoe la hau) e ne e boetse e bolela bolelele ba phefumoloho kapa nako ea molumo, har'a litsebi tsa theorists tsa morao-rao tsa Mehla e Bohareng - ka linako tse ling ambitus (volume) ea mokhoa. Ha nako e ntse e ea, litekanyetso tse latelang tsa eona li ile tsa khethoa ka nepo haholoanyane.

1) Pineng ea Gregorian, T. (eo hamorao e ileng ea boela ea bitsoa tuba (2), corda (French corda, Spanish cuerda)) e tšoana le repercussion (2), ke hore, o mong oa melumo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea ho bina, e tsamaellanang le molumo oa mantsoe. e laolang le e hlalosang mmoho le diphetho. molumo (finalis, o ts'oanang ka boemo ba tonic) modal modal affiliation ea molodi (sheba mekhoa ea Medieval). E senyehile. mefuta ea lipesaleme le lipina tse haufi le eona T. sebeletsa ch. molumo oa ho pheta-pheta (molumo, oo ho oona ho phetoang karolo ea bohlokoa ea mongolo).

2) Mehleng e Bohareng. 'mino oa polygonal (hoo e ka bang lekholong la bo12-16 la lilemo) lebitso la mokete, leo ho lona ho boleloang pina e ka sehloohong (cantus firmus). Pina ena e ile ea sebeletsa e le motheo, qalo e kopanyang ea lipakane tse ngata. tlhamo. Qalong, lentsoe ka kutloisiso ena le ne le sebelisoa mabapi le mofuta oa treble (1) - mofuta o khethehileng, o tsitsitseng ka thata oa organum (mekhoeng ea pele ea organum, karolo e tšoanang le ea T e ne e bapaloa ke vox principalis - the lentsoe le ka sehloohong); T. e etsa mesebetsi e tšoanang ho lipoligone tse ling. mefuta: motte, boima, ballad, joalo-joalo Ka lintlha tse peli. ditlhamo T. e ne e le lentswe le tlase. Ka ho eketsoa ha countertenor bassus (counterpoint ka lentsoe le tlaase), T. e ile ea e-ba e 'ngoe ea mantsoe a bohareng; holim'a T. e ka behoa countertenor altus. Mefuteng e meng, lentsoe le ka holimo ho T. le ne le e-na le lebitso le fapaneng: motetus in a motet, superius in a clause; mantsoe a ka holimo a ne a boetse a bitsoa duplum, triplum, quadruplum kapa - discantus (sheba Treble (2)), hamorao - soprano.

Lekholong la bo15 la lilemo lebitso "T." ka linako tse ling e atolosoa ho countertenor; khopolo ea "T". bakeng sa bangoli ba bang (ka mohlala, Glarean) e kopana le khopolo ea cantus firmus le sehlooho ka kakaretso (e le mololi o nang le hlooho e le 'ngoe o sebetsanang le moqapi oa lihlooho tse ngata); Italy lekholong la bo15 le la bo16 la lilemo. lebitso "T." e sebelisoa ho mololi o tšehetsang oa tantši, o neng o behiloe lentsoeng le bohareng, sebaka seo ho sona ho ileng ha thehoa lentsoe le ka holimo (superius) le tlaase (countertenor).

G. de Macho. Kyrie oa 'Misa.

Ntle le moo, lintlha tse fanang ka maikutlo a tšebeliso ho Op. c.-l. pina e tsebahalang haholo e fanoeng ka T. (Jeremane Tenorlied, Tenormesse, Setaliana messa su tenore, French messe sur tenor).

3) Lebitso la karolo ea k'hoaere kapa e kopaneng e reretsoeng ts'ebetso ea T. (4). Ka polygon harmonic kapa polyphonic. polokelo, moo sehlopha sa mmino se nkeloang mohlala. nehelano (ka mohlala, mesebetsing ea thuto ka kutloano, polyphony), - lentsoe (1), le pakeng tsa bass le alto.

4) Lentsoe le phahameng la monna (4), leo lebitso la lona le tsoang ho ts'ebetso e kholo ea hae ho polygonal ea pele. 'mino oa mokete oa T. (2). Lethathamo la T. likarolong tse le 'ngoe ke c - c2, ka choral c - a1. Melumo ea molumo ho tloha ho f ho ea ho f1 ke rejisetara e bohareng, melumo e ka tlase ho f e bukeng e tlase, melumo e kaholimo ho f1 e rejisetara e holimo le e holimo. Khopolo ea mefuta e mengata ea T. ha ea ka ea lula e sa fetohe: lilemong tse makholo a 15-16. T. e senyehile. Maemong a mang, e ne e hlalosoa e le haufi le viola, kapa, ho fapana le hoo, e robetse sebakeng sa baritone (tenorino, quanti-tenore); lekholong la bo17 la lilemo molumo o tloaelehileng oa T. o ne o le ka hare ho h - g 1. Ho fihlela morao tjena, likarolo tsa T. li ngotsoe ka senotlolo sa tenor (mohlala, karolo ea Sigmund ho Ring ea Wagner ea Nibelung; mofumahali "ka Tchaikovsky. ), sehlopheng sa khale sa libini. lintlha hangata ho alto le baritone; likhatisong tsa sejoale-joale mokha oa T. o ngoliloe ka violin. key, e bolelang phetoho e tlase ho octave (hape e hlalositsoe

or

). Karolo ea tšoantšetso le ea semantic ea T. e fetohile haholo ha nako e ntse e ea. Ho oratorio (Handel's Samson) le 'mino o halalelang oa khale, moetlo o sebetsang bakeng sa linako tse latelang tsa ho fetolela karolo e le 'ngoe e le pale e makatsang (The Evangelist in Passions) kapa ka mokhoa o hlakileng (Benedictus ho tsoa ho bongata ba Bach ho h-moll, likarolo tse arohaneng ho " Bosiu Bohle "Bosiu" ka Rachmaninov, karolo e bohareng ea "Canticum sacrum" ke Stravinsky). Joaloka 'mino oa opera oa Mataliana lekholong la bo17 la lilemo ho ile ha khethoa likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa bahale le barati ba bacha; tobileng e hlaha nakoana hamorao. karolo ea T.-buffa. Letotong la opera la basali. mantsoe le mantsoe a ma castrati li ile tsa nkela mantsoe a banna sebaka, ’me T. o ne a tšepetsoe mesebetsi e menyenyane feela. Ho fapana le hoo, sebopehong se fapaneng sa demokrasi sa opera buffa, likarolo tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa tenor (lipina le metlae) ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea likarolo. Ka tlhaloso ea T. ka operas ea 18-19 makholo a lilemo. e susumelitsoe ke WA ​​Mozart ("Don Giovanni" - karolo ea Don Ottavio, "E mong le e mong oa e etsa" - Ferrando, "The Magic Flute" - Tamino). Opera lekholong la bo19 la lilemo e thehile mefuta e meholo ea mekete ea tenor: lyric. T. (Italian tenore di grazia) e khetholloa ka timbre e khanyang, tlaleho e matla e ka holimo (ka linako tse ling ho fihlela ho d2), bobebe le ho tsamaea (Almaviva ho Rossini's The Barber of Seville; Lensky); dram. T. (Italian tenore di forza) e khetholloa ka mebala ea baritone le matla a maholo a molumo o nang le mefuta e fokolang hanyenyane (Jose, Herman); tšoantšisong ea mantsoe. T. (Italian mezzo-carattere) e kopanya litšoaneleho tsa mefuta e 'meli ka litsela tse fapaneng (Othello, Lohengrin). Mefuta e sa tšoaneng e khethehileng ke tšobotsi ea T.; lebitso lena le bakoa ke taba ea hore hangata le sebelisoa mesebetsing ea libapali (trike). Ha ho etsoa qeto ea hore na lentsoe la sebini ke la mofuta o mong kapa o mong, meetlo ea ho bina ea sechaba se itseng ke ea bohlokoa. likolo; e, ka Setaliana. libini phapang lipakeng tsa mantsoe. le dram. T. e amana, e hlalosoa ka ho hlaka ho eona. opera (mohlala, Max ea sa tsitsang ho The Free Shooter le Sigmund e sa sisinyeheng ho The Valkyrie); 'mino oa Serussia ke mofuta o khethehileng oa tšoantšiso ea lyric. T. e nang le rejisetara e holimo e lelekisitsoeng le phano e matla le e utloahalang e tsoa ho Ivan Susanin oa Glinka (Tlhaloso ea mongoli oa Sobinin - "motho ea ka thōko" ka tlhaho e fetela ho ponahalo ea lentsoe la mokha). Bohlokoa bo ntseng bo eketseha ba qaleho e mebala-bala ea 'mino oa opera. 19 - kopa. Lekholong la bo20 la lilemo, ho kopana ha opera le litšoantšiso. theatre le ho matlafatsa karolo ea ho pheta-pheta (haholo-holo lipapaling tsa lekholong la bo20 la lilemo) li ile tsa ama ts'ebeliso ea li-timbres tse khethehileng tsa tenor. Ho joalo, ka mohlala, ho fihla ho e2 le ho utloahala eka ke falsetto T.-altino (Astrologer). Khatello e fetohang ho tloha ho cantilena ho ea ho ho hlalosa. ho bitsoa ha lentsoe ho khetholla ka ho toba joalo. likarolo, joalo ka Yurodivy le Shuisky ho Boris Godunov, Alexei ho The Gambler le Prince in Prokofiev's Love for Three Oranges, le ba bang.

Histori ea nyeoe e kenyelletsa mabitso a libapali tse ngata tse hlaheletseng tsa T.. Italy, G. Rubini, G. Mario o ile a thabela botumo bo boholo, lekholong la bo20 la lilemo. – E. Caruso, B. Gigli, M. Del Monaco, G. Di Stefano, har’a hae. baetsi ba opera (haholo-holo, baetsi ba mesebetsi ea Wagner) ba ne ba hlahella ka Seczech. sebini JA Tikhachek, Sejeremane. libini W. Windgassen, L. Zuthaus; har'a Serussia le liphooko. libini-T. - NN Figner, IA Alchevsky, DA Smirnov, LV Sobinov, IV Ershov, NK Pechkovsky, GM Nelepp, S. Ya. Lemeshev, Ke S. Kozlovsky.

5) Moea oa koporo o pharaletseng. sesebelisoa (Setaliana Flicorno tenore, French saxhorn tynor, Jeremane Tenorhorn). E bua ka lisebelisoa tsa transposing, tse entsoeng ka karolo ea B, T. e ngotsoe ho b. ha ho letho le phahametseng modumo wa sebele. Ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea mochine oa li-valve tse tharo, o na le tekanyo e feletseng ea chromatic, sebaka sa sebele ke E - h1. Wed le holimo. T. lirejisetara li khetholloa ka molumo o bonolo le o tletseng; Bokhoni ba melodic T. bo kopantsoe le botekgeniki. motsamao. T. e ile ea sebelisoa bohareng. 19th century (bh meralo ea A. Saks). Hammoho le liletsa tse ling tsa lelapa la saxhorn—cornet, baritone, le bass—T. e etsa motheo oa moea. sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa, moo, ho itšetlehile ka sebopeho, sehlopha sa T. se arotsoe ka 2 (ka koporo e nyenyane, ka linako tse ling e le e nyenyane e tsoakiloeng) kapa 3 (ka likarolo tse nyenyane tse tsoakiloeng le tse kholo); 1st T. ka nako e tšoanang ba le mosebetsi oa moetapele, melodic. mantsoe, 2nd le 3rd li felehetsa, mantsoe a tsamaeang. T. kapa baritone hangata e tšepetsoe ho leta melodic. lentsoe ka mehoanto e meraro. Likarolo tse nang le boikarabelo tsa T. li fumanoa ho Symphony ea Myaskovsky No. 19. Sesebelisoa se amanang haufi-ufi ke Wagner horn (tenor) tuba (1).

6) Ho hlakisa tlhaloso ho decomp ea sehlooho. liletsa tsa 'mino, tse bontšang litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tsa molumo oa tsona le mefuta e fapaneng (ho fapana le mefuta e meng ea lelapa le le leng); mohlala: saxophone-T., tenor trombone, domra-T., tenor viola (eo hape e bitsoang viola da gamba le mohatla), joalo-joalo.

Lingoliloeng: 4) Timokhin V., libini tse ipabolang tsa Mataliana, M., 1962; hae, Masters of vocal art of the XX century, no. 1, M., 1974; Lvov M., Ho tloha nalaneng ea bonono ba mantsoe, M., 1964; hae, libini tsa Serussia, M., 1965; Rogal-Levitsky Dm., Okhestra ea Kajeno, vol. 2, M., 1953; Gubarev I., Sehlopha sa Brass, M., 1963; Chulaki M., Lisebelisoa tsa sehlopha sa 'mino oa symphony, M.-L., 1950, M., 1972.

TS Kyuregyan

Lentsoe le phahameng la monna. Main range from ho nyane ho ho octave ea pele (ka linako tse ling ho fihlela ho ре kapa le pele F ho Bellini). Ho na le likarolo tsa lyric le dramatic tenors. Likarolo tse tloaelehileng haholo tsa pina ea mantsoe ke Nemorino, Faust, Lensky; har'a likarolo tsa dramatic tenor, re hlokomela mesebetsi ea Manrico, Othello, Calaf le ba bang.

Ka nako e telele ho opera, tenor e ne e sebelisoa feela mesebetsing ea bobeli. Ho fihlela qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo - qalong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, castrati e ne e laola sethala. Ke feela mosebetsing oa Mozart, le Rossini, moo mantsoe a tenor a ileng a nka sebaka se ka sehloohong (haholo-holo lipapaling tsa buffa opera).

Har'a batho ba hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa lekholong la bo20 la lilemo ke Caruso, Gigli, Björling, Del Monaco, Pavarotti, Domingo, Sobinov le ba bang. Sheba hape countertenor.

E. Tsodokov