Cadence |

Cadence (Cadenza ea Italy, e tsoang ho Latin cado - ke oa, kea fela), cadence (Sefora sa cadence).

1) Harmonic ea ho qetela. (hammoho le melodic) phetoho, 'mino oa ho qetela. kaho le ho e fa botlalo, botlalo. Tsamaisong e kholo-e nyane ea tonal ea 17th-19th century. ho K. hangata li kopantsoe metrorhythmic. tšehetso (mohlala, metrical accent in the 8th or 4th bar of a simple period) le ho emisa ho e 'ngoe ea li-harmonies tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tse sebetsang (ho I, V, hangata ho mohato oa IV, ka linako tse ling ka likhetho tse ling). E felletseng, ke hore, e qetellang ka tonic (T), sebopeho sa chord se arotsoe ka 'nete (VI) le plagal (IV-I). K. e phethahetse haeba T e hlaha ka melodic. boemo ba prima, ka tekanyo e boima, ka mora e ka sehloohong (D) kapa subdominant (S) ka sehloohong. sebopeho, eseng ho potoloha. Haeba e 'ngoe ea maemo ana e le sieo, ho. e nkoa e sa phethahala. K., e qetellang ka D (kapa S), e bitsoang. halofo (mohlala, IV, II-V, VI-V, I-IV); mofuta wa halofo ya nnete. K. ho ka nkoa ho thoeng. Phrygian cadence (mofuta oa ho qetela oa phetoho ea IV6-V ka har'a harmonic e nyane). Mofuta o khethehileng ke o bitsoang. sitisoa (bohata) K. - tlōlo ea sebele. Ho. ka lebaka la tonic e ncha. li-triad ka likhetho tse ling (V-VI, V-IV6, V-IV, V-16, joalo-joalo).

Li-cadenza tse feletseng

Half cadenzas. Sekhahla sa Phrygian

Maqhubu a khaotsoeng

Ka sebaka sa 'mino. foromo (mohlala, ka nako) khetholla mahareng K. (ka hare ho kaho, hangata ho feta mofuta IV kapa IV-V), ho qetela (qetellong ea karolo e khōlō ea kaho, hangata VI) le eketsehileng (e khomaretsoeng ka mor'a ho qetela K., t ke hore whorls VI kapa IV-I).

metsoako ea harmonic-K. historing pele ho monophonic melodic. liqeto (ke hore, ha e le hantle, K.) tsamaisong ea modal ea morao-rao ea Mehla e Bohareng le Tsosoloso (sheba mekhoa ea Medieval), e bitsoang. lipoleloana (ho tloha ho lat. claudere - ho qetella). Polelwana e akaretsa melumo: antipenultim (antepaenultima; e tlang pele ho penultimate), penultim (paenultima; penultimate) le ultima (e qetela; ea ho qetela); tsa bohlokoahali ho tsona ke penultim le ultim. Polelo ea ho qetela (finalis) e ne e nkoa e phethahetse K. ( clausula perfecta ), ka lentsoe leha e le lefe - e sa phethahalang ( clausula imperfecta ). Lipolelo tse atisang ho kopana le tsona li ne li khetholloa e le "treble" kapa soprano (VII-I), "alto" (VV), "tenor" (II-I), leha ho le joalo, e sa abeloa mantsoe a lumellanang, le ho tloha ser. 15th c. "base" (VI). Ho kheloha ho tloha mohatong oa pele oa VII-I, ho tloaelehileng bakeng sa frets ea khale, ho fane ka seo ho thoeng ke. “Polelo ea Landino” (kapa hamorao “Cadenza ea Landino”; VII-VI-I). Motsoako oa nako e le 'ngoe oa tsena (le tse tšoanang) tsa melodic. K. o qapa tsoelo-pele ea cadence chord:

Litemana

Itšoare "Ea u tšoanelang ho Kreste." 13 c.

G. de Macho. Motet. 14 C.

G. Monk. Karolo e meraro ea liletsa. 15th c.

J. Okegem. Missa sine nomina, Kyrie. 15th c.

Ho hlaha ka tsela e tšoanang harmonic. turnover VI e se e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng ho fihlela liqeto. K. (ho tloha halofong ea 2 ea lekholo la bo15 la lilemo haholo-holo lekholong la bo16 la lilemo, hammoho le plagal, "kereke", K. IV-I). Litsebi tsa litsebi tsa Mataliana tsa lekholong la bo16 la lilemo. e hlahisitse lentsoe “K.”

Ho tloha lekholong la bo17 la lilemo. cadence turnover VI (hammoho le "inversion" IV-I) ha e kenelle feela qetellong ea papali kapa karolo ea eona, empa meaho eohle ea eona. Sena se ile sa lebisa ho sebopeho se secha sa mokhoa le kutloano (ka linako tse ling ho bitsoa cadence kutloano - Kadenzharmonik).

Bopaki bo tebileng ba theory ea tsamaiso ea kutloano ka tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea eona - ea 'nete. K. - ea JF Rameau. O ile a hlalosa 'mino-logic. kutloano chord likamano K., ho itšetleha ka tlhaho. lintho tse hlokahalang tse behiloeng sebopehong sa limmapa. molumo: molumo o ka sehloohong o teng ka ho hlophisoa ha molumo oa tonic 'me, ka hona, ho joalo, joalokaha eka o hlahisoa ke oona; phetoho ea ntho e ka sehloohong ho tonic ke ho khutla ha ntho e nkiloeng (e hlahisitsoeng) mohloling oa eona oa pele. Rameau o fane ka lihlopha tsa mefuta ea K e ntseng e le teng le kajeno: e phethahetseng (parfaite, VI), plagal (ho ea ka Rameau, "fosahetse" - irregulare, IV-I), e sitisoe (ka ho toba "e robehileng" - rompue, V-VI, V -IV) . Katoloso ea karo-karolelano ea bohlano ea 'nete ea K. ("karolo e meraro" - 3: 1) ho likhetho tse ling, ho phaella ho VI-IV (mohlala, ka tatellano ea mofuta oa I-IV-VII-III-VI- II-VI), Rameau o bitsitse “ho etsisa K . (tlhahiso ea foromo ea cadence ka lipara tsa chords: I-IV, VII-III, VI-II).

M. Hauptman mme hamorao X. Riemann ba ile ba senola dialectic ea karo-karolelano ea sehlooho. lipina tsa khale. K. Ho ea ka Hauptmann, khanyetso ea ka hare ea tonic ea pele e na le "bifurcation" ea eona, ka hore e na le likamano tse fapaneng le tse ka sehloohong (tse nang le molumo o ka sehloohong oa tonic e le karolo ea bohlano) le ho ea ka sehloohong (e nang le ea bohlano. ea tonic joalo ka molumo oa sehlooho) . Ho ea ka Riemann, ho fapanyetsana ha T le D ke mokhoa o bonolo oo o seng oa dialectical. pontsho ya modumo. Phetoho ho tloha ho T ho ea ho S (e tšoanang le qeto ea D ho T), ho etsahala, joalokaha eka ke, phetoho ea nakoana bohareng ba matla a khoheli. Ponahalo ea D le qeto ea eona ho T e khutlisetsa bophahamo ba T hape mme e e tiisa boemong bo phahameng.

BV Asafiev o ile a hlalosa K. ho tloha ponong ea khopolo ea lentsoe. O hlalosa K. e le kakaretso ea likarolo tse khethollang mokhoa, e le mokhoa o rarahaneng oa stylistically individual intonational meloharmonics. liforomo, tse hanyetsanang le boits'oaro ba "li-ready-made flourishes" tse hlophisitsoeng esale pele tse behiloeng ke thuto ea sekolo le thuto. liphatlalatso.

Phetoho ea ho lumellana ka con. Lekholo la bo19 le la bo20 la lilemo le ile la lebisa ntlafatsong e matla ea liforomo tsa K.. Le hoja K. e tsoela pele ho phethahatsa moelelo o tšoanang oa ho qapa. e tla koala tshebetso. Phetoho, mekhoa ea pele ea ho phethahatsa ts'ebetso ena ka linako tse ling e nkeloa sebaka ke tse ling, ho latela molumo o itseng oa sekhechana se fanoeng (ka lebaka leo, bonnete ba ho sebelisa lentsoe "K." maemong a mang ha ho na pelaelo) . Phello ea sephetho maemong a joalo e khethoa ke ho its'etleha ha mokhoa oa ho phethela sebopeho sohle sa molumo oa mosebetsi:

MP Mussorgsky. "Boris Godunov", ketso IV.

SS Prokofiev. "Fleeting", No 2.

2) Ho tloha lekholong la bo16 la lilemo. sephetho se setle sa lentsoe le le leng la 'mino (opera aria) kapa mmino oa liletsa, o ntlafalitsoeng ke sebini kapa o ngotsoeng ke moqapi. lipapali. Lekholong la bo18 la lilemo mofuta o khethehileng oa K. o hlahile ho instr. konsarete. Pele ho qaleho ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e ne e atisa ho ba ka har'a coda, pakeng tsa cadence kotara-ea botšelela chord le D-seventh chord, e hlahang e le mokhabiso oa pele oa li-harmonies tsena. K. ke, joalo ka ha ho ka thoe, ke toro e nyane ea solo virtuoso lihloohong tsa konsarete. Mehleng ea li-classics tsa Viennese, sebopeho sa K. kapa ntlafatso ea sona nakong ea ts'ebetso e ile ea fuoa sebapali. Kahoo, mongolong o tsitsitseng oa mosebetsi, ho fanoe ka karolo e le 'ngoe, e sa kang ea thehoa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng ke mongoli 'me e ka qaptjoa (e ntlafalitsoe) ke sebini se seng. Ka mor'a moo, baqapi ka bobona ba ile ba qala ho etsa likristale (ho qala ka L. Beethoven). Ka lebaka la sena, K. o kopanya ho feta le mofuta oa lipina ka kakaretso. Ka linako tse ling K. e boetse e etsa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa haholo, e etsang karolo ea bohlokoa ea mohopolo oa sebopeho (mohlala, ka concerto ea 3 ea Rachmaninov). Ka linako tse ling, K. e boetse e fumanoa mefuteng e meng.

References: 1) Smolensky S., "Grammar ea 'Mino" ea Nikolai Diletsky, (St. Petersburg), 1910; Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Harmony Textbook, St. Petersburg, 1884-85; ea hae, Buka e sebetsang ea kutloano, St. Petersburg, 1886, e hatisitsoeng bocha ea libuka tseo ka bobeli: E tletse. kolla. joalo., vol. IV, M., 1960; Asafiev BV, Sebopeho sa 'Mino e le mokhoa, likarolo tsa 1-2, M. - L., 1930-47, L., 1971; Dubovsky I., Evseev S., Sposobin I., Sokolov V. (ka hora ea 1), Tsela e sebetsang ea ho lumellana, karolo ea 1-2, M., 1934-35; Tyulin Yu. N., Thuto ea kutloano, (L. – M.), 1937, M., 1966; Sposobin IV, Lipuo tse mabapi le ho lumellana, M., 1969; Mazel LA, Mathata a kutloano ea khale, M., 1972; Zarino G., Le istitutioni harmoniche (Terza parte Cap. 1), Venetia, 51, fax. ed., NY, 1558, Serussia. ka. khaolo ea "On cadence" bona ho Sat.: Musical Aesthetics of the Western Europe Middle Ages le Renaissance, comp. VP Shestakov, M., 1965, leq. 1966-474; Rameau J. Ph., Traité de l'harmonie…, P., 476; ea hae, Génération harmonique, P., 1722; Hauptmann M., Die Natur der Harmonik und der Metrik, Lpz., 1737; Riemann H., Musikalische Syntaxis, Lpz., 1853; ea hae, Systematische Modulationslehre…, Hamburg, 1877; Russian trans.: Thuto e hlophisitsoeng ea ho feto-fetoha ha molumo oa lentsoe e le motheo oa thuto ea mefuta ea 'mino, M. - Leipzig, 1887; ea hae, Vereinfachte Harmonielehre ..., V., 1898 (Phetolelo ea Serussia - Ho lumellana ho nolofalitsoeng kapa thuto ea mesebetsi ea tonal ea chords, M., 1893, M. - Leipzig, 1896); Casela A., L'evoluzione della musica a traverso la storia della cadenza perfetta (1901), engl, transl., L., 11; Tenschert R., Die Kadenzbehandlung bei R. Strauss, “ZfMw”, VIII, 1919-1923; Hindemith P., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, Tl I, Mainz, 1925; Chominski JM, Historia harmonii i kontrapunktu, t. I-II, Kr., 1926-1937; Stockhausen K., Kadenzrhythmik im Werk Mozarts, bukeng ea hae: “Texte…”, Bd 1958, Köln, 1962, S. 2-1964; Homan FW, Mekhoa ea ho qetela le ea ka hare ea cadential ka pina ea Gregorian, "JAMS", v. XVII, No 170, 206; Dahhaus S., Untersuchungen über die Entstehung der harmonischen Tonalität, Kassel – (ua), 1. Bona hape le lit. tlas'a sehlooho sa Harmony.

2) Schering A., The Free Cadence in the 18th Century Instrumental Concerto, «Congress of the International Music Society», Basilea, 1906; Knцdt H., Paleng ea nalane ea nts'etsopele ea li-cadences konsatong ea liletsa, «SIMG», XV, 1914, leq. 375; Stockhausen R., The cadenzas ho li-concerto tsa piano tsa khale tsa Viennese, W., 1936; Misch L., Lithuto tsa Beethoven, В., 1950.

Yu. H. Kholopov