Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (ETA Hoffmann) |

ETA Hoffman

Hoffmann Ernst Theodor (Wilhelm) Amadeus (24 I 1776, Koenigsberg - 25 June 1822, Berlin) - Mongoli oa Jeremane, moqapi, mokhanni, moetsi oa litšoantšo. Mora oa ofisiri, o ile a fumana lengolo la molao Univesithing ea Königsberg. O ne a ikakhetse ka setotsoana litabeng tsa lingoliloeng le ho penta, o ile a ithuta 'mino pele le malome oa hae,' me joale le setsebi sa 'mino H. Podbelsky (1790-1792), hamorao Berlin o ile a nka lithuto tsa ho qapa ho IF Reichardt. E ne e le mohlahlobi oa lekhotla Glogow, Poznan, Plock. Ho tloha ka 1804, lekhotla la mmuso la Warsaw, moo a ileng a fetoha mohlophisi oa Mokhatlo oa Philharmonic, sehlopha sa 'mino oa liletsa oa symphony, o ile a sebetsa e le mokhanni le moqapi. Ka mor'a ho hapa Warsaw ke mabotho a Fora (1807), Hoffmann o ile a khutlela Berlin. Ka 1808-1813 e ne e le mokhanni, moqapi le mokhabiso oa lipapali Bamberg, Leipzig le Dresden. Ho tloha ka 1814 o ne a lula Berlin, moo e neng e le moeletsi oa toka lihlopheng tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa boahloli le likomishene tsa molao. Mona Hoffmann o ile a ngola libuka tsa hae tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Lingoliloeng tsa hae tsa pele li ile tsa hatisoa maqepheng a Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (Leipzig), eo esale a sebetsa ho tloha ka 1809.

Moemeli ea hlahelletseng oa sekolo sa lerato sa Jeremane, Hoffmann e ile ea e-ba e mong oa bathehi ba 'mino oa lerato le ho nyatsa. E se e le qalong ea tsoelo-pele ea 'mino oa lerato, o ile a theha likarolo tsa eona' me a bontša boemo bo bohloko ba 'mino oa lerato sechabeng. Hoffmann o ne a nahana hore 'mino ke lefatše le khethehileng le khonang ho senolela motho moelelo oa maikutlo le litakatso tsa hae, hammoho le ho utloisisa sebōpeho sa ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e makatsang le e ke keng ea hlalosoa. Ka puo ea maikutlo a lerato, Hoffmann o ile a qala ho ngola ka bohlokoa ba 'mino, ka mesebetsi ea' mino, baqapi le baetsi ba lipina. Mosebetsing oa KV Gluck, WA ​​Mozart mme haholo-holo L. Beethoven, o ile a bontša mekhoa e lebisang ho tataiso ea lerato. Ponahalo e hlakileng ea maikutlo a Hoffmann a 'mino le botle ba hae ke lipale tsa hae tse khutšoane: “Cavalier Gluck” (“Ritter Gluck”, 1809), “The Musical Sufferings of Johannes Kreisler, Kapellmeister” (“Johannes Kreisler's, des Kapellmeisters musikalische Leiden1810”, 1813 , "Don Giovanni" (1813), puisano "Seroki le Moqapi" ("Der Dichter und der Komponist", 1814). Lipale tsa Hoffmann hamorao li ile tsa kopanngoa pokellong ea Fantasies ka Moea oa Callot (Fantasiesucke ho Callot's Manier, 15-XNUMX).

Lipaleng tse khutšoane, hammoho le ho Fragments of the Biography ea Johannes Kreisler, tse kentsoeng bukeng ea The Worldly Views of Cat Murr (Lebensansichten des Katers Murr, 1822), Hoffmann o ile a theha setšoantšo se bohloko sa sebini se bululetsoeng, "lehlanya" la Kreisler. Kapellmeister”, ea fetohelang philistinism mme a ahloletsoe ho utloa bohloko. Mesebetsi ea Hoffmann e ile ea susumetsa botle ba KM Weber, R. Schumann, R. Wagner. Litšoantšo tsa thothokiso tsa Hoffmann li ne li kenyelelitsoe mesebetsing ea baqapi ba bangata - R. Schumann ("Kreislerian"), R. Wagner ("The Flying Dutchman"), PI Tchaikovsky ("The Nutcracker"), AS Adam ("Giselle"). , L. Delibes (“Coppelia”), F. Busoni (“Khetho ea Monyaluoa”), P. Hindemith (“Cardillac”) le ba bang. lebitso la bosoasoi la Zinnober "," Princess Brambilla ", joalo-joalo Hoffmann ke mohale oa li-opera tsa J. Offenbach ("Tales of Hoffmann", 1881) le G. Lachchetti ("Hoffmann", 1912).

Hoffmann ke mongoli oa mesebetsi ea 'mino, ho kenyelletsa le opera ea pele ea Sejeremane ea lerato Ondine (1813, poso. 1816, Berlin), opera Aurora (1811-12; mohlomong poso. 1813, Würzburg; posthumous post. 1933, Bamberg ), symphonies, lihlopha tsa libini, lipina tsa kamore. Ka 1970, khatiso ea pokello ea mesebetsi ea 'mino e khethiloeng ke Hoffmann e qalile Mainz (FRG).

Liqapi: mesebetsi, ed. ka G. Ellinger, B.-Lpz.-W.-Stuttg., 1927; mesebetsi ya poko. E hlophisitsoeng ke G. Seidel. Ketapele ea Hans Mayer, vols. 1-6, В., 1958; Lingoliloeng tsa 'mino le lingoliloeng hammoho le mangolo le litlaleho tsa bukana. E khethiloe le ho hlalosoa ke Richard Münnich, Weimar, 1961; в рус. ka. — Избранные произведения, т. 1-3, M., 1962.

References: Braudo EM, ETA Hoffman, P., 1922; Ivanov-Boretsky M., ETA Hoffman (1776-1822), "Thuto ea 'Mino", 1926, No No 3-4; Rerman VE, opera ea lerato ea Jeremane, bukeng ea hae: Opera House. Lingoliloeng le lipatlisiso, M., 1961, leq. 185-211; Zhitomirsky D., E loketseng le ea 'nete ho aesthetics ea ETA Hoffmann. "SM", 1973, No 8.

CA Marcus