Heterophony

ho tloha ho eteros ea Segerike - e fapaneng le ponn - molumo

Mofuta wa polyphony o hlahang nakong ya tshebetso ya lenonyeletso (lentsoe, seletsa kapa motsoako) wa molodi, ha o le mong kapa tse mmalwa. mantsoe a kheloha molota o moholo.

Lentsoe "G". e ne e se e ntse e sebelisoa ke Bagerike ba boholo-holo ( Plato, Melao, VII, 12 ), empa moelelo o fanoeng ka nako eo ha o e-s’o ka o tiisoa ka nepo. Ka mor'a moo, lentsoe "G". e ile ea khaotsa ho sebelisoa ’me ea tsosolosoa feela ka 1901. Rasaense K. Stumpf, ea ileng a e sebelisa moelelong o bontšitsoeng ka holimo.

Liphapang tsa mololi oa sehlooho ho G. li laotsoe ke tlhaho. etsa diphapano. bokgoni ba batho. mantsoe le liletsa, mmoho le monahano oa libapali. Sena se tloaelehile ho li-bunks tse ngata. 'mino metso ea setso ea polyphony. Lipineng tse tsoetseng pele tsa setso le instr. meetlo e thehiloeng ho nat. liphapang, mefuta e ikhethang ea ho ba teng ha bunks. boqapi ba 'mino le likarolo tsa libapali li ntlafalitse botle. litloaelo, litloaelo tsa sebaka seo, lipontšo tse sa tšoaneng tsa molao-motheo oa motheo li ile tsa hlaha - ho kopana ha nako e le 'ngoe ea ho senyeha. mefuta e fapaneng ya pina e tshwanang. Litsong tse joalo lia hlokomeleha ebile li fapane. litaelo tsa ntshetsopele ya heterophonic polyphony. Ho tse ling, mekhabiso e ka sehloohong, ho tse ling - harmonic, ho tse ling - polyphonic. phapang ya melodi. Tsoelopele ea Rus. folk-song polyphony, e ileng ea lebisa ho thehoeng ha ntlo ea polokelo ea pele - sub-vocal polyphony.

Le hoja ho se na liemahale tse ngotsoeng tse ka tšeptjoang tse bontšang histori ea tsoelo-pele ea G., mesaletsa ea tšimoloho ea heterophonic ea Nar. polyphony, ka tekanyo e kholo kapa e nyenyane, e bolokiloe hohle. Sena se netefatsoa ke lisampole ka bobeli tsa polyphony ea khale le li-bunks tsa khale. lipina tsa linaha tsa Bophirimela. Europe:

Mohlala oa organum ho tsoa bukeng ea "Musica enchiriadis" e hlahisitsoeng ke Huqbald. (“Guide to Music”).

Pina ea motjeko ea lekholong la bo13 la lilemo. Ho tsoa pokellong ea XI Moser "Tцnende Altertmer".

Pina ea batho ba Lithuania "Aust ausrelй, tek saulelй" ("Mafube a phathahane, letsatsi lea chaba"). Ho tsoa bukeng ea J. Čiurlionite "Lithuanian Folk Song Creation". 1966.

Mehlala e mengata, Nar. polyphony Western-European. linaheng tseo, ka kakaretso, mekhoa ea G. e bapisoang le Maslav. le bochabela. meetlo e fokolang, motsoako oa ntlafatso le mokhoa oa ho hlahisa maikutlo o khethiloeng ka tloaelo, haholo-holo le o khethiloeng ke lefapha. lichaba ka ho otloloha, ka boikutlo bo tiileng mabapi le dissonance le consonance. Bakeng sa litso tse ngata li khetholloa ka ho lumellana (octave), ho tsamaisana ha mantsoe a tšoanang (karolo ea boraro, ea bone le ea bohlano), ho ata ha synchronism ho bitsoa ha mantsoe.

Pina ea setso ea Serussia "Ivan o ile a theoha". Ho tsoa pokellong ea "Russian Folk Songs of Pomorie". E hlophisitsoe ke SN Kondratiev. 1966.

Molao-motheo oa heterophonic o boetse o bonahala litsong tse joalo tsa lipina tsa batho ba polyphonic, moo mantsoe a mabeli le a mararo a fihletseng polyphony e kholo. Nakong ea ho bolaoa, karohano ea lihlopha ka bomong e atisa ho hlokomeloa, nako le nako ho baka keketseho ea palo ea likhetho.

Mokhabiso oa "coloring" osn. melodi ka instr. ho felehetsa ke tšobotsi ea G. ea batho ba Maarabia ka Leboea. Afrika. Liphapang tsa mololi oa sehlooho (hammoho le limela tse arohaneng tsa polyphony) tse hlahang ho tsoa ho pina ea melody pl. liletsa, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona e fapaneng le molodi ho latela mokhoa oa eona o ikhethang oa ts'ebetso le melao-motheo e tsitsitseng ea botle, e theha motheo oa 'mino oa gamelan oa Indonesia (sheba mohlala oa lintlha).

Karolo e qotsitsoeng ho 'mino oa gamelan. Ho tsoa bukeng ea R. Batka "Geschichte der Musik".

Lipatlisiso li fapane. nar. litso tsa mmino le boithuto bo hlokolosi le tshebediso ya boiqapelo ke baqapi ba disampole tsa nar. bonono, ho kenyelletsa le litloaelo tsa polyphony, li ile tsa lebisa tlhokomelong ea 'mino oa bona ka mefuta e fapaneng ea likamano tsa lentsoe. Mehlala ea polyphony e joalo e fumanoa Europe Bophirimela. le li-classics tsa Serussia, baqapi ba mehleng ea Soviet le ba kantle ho naha.

References: Melgunov Yu., lipina tsa Serussia, tse tlalehiloeng ka ho toba ka mantsoe a batho, vol. 1-2, M. – St. Petersburg, 1879-85; Skrebkov S., Tlhahlobo ea Polyphonic, M., 1940; Tyulin. Yu., Tšimolohong le Nts'etsopele ea Kutloano ho 'Mino oa Batho, ka: Essays on Theoretical Musicology, ed. Yu. Tyulin le A. Butsky. L., 1959; Bershadskaya T., Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho hlophisoa oa polyphony ea pina ea batho ba Russia, L., 1961; Grigoriev S. le Mueller T., Buka ea libuka tsa polyphony, M., 1961.

TF Müller