Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev |
Sergei Prokofiev
Molemo o moholo (kapa, haeba u rata, bofokoli) bophelong ba ka esale e le ho batla puo ea ka ea 'mino ea mantlha. Ke hloile ho etsisa, ke hloile cliches ...
U ka ba nako e telele kamoo u ratang linaheng tse ling, empa ka sebele u tlameha ho khutlela naheng ea heno nako le nako bakeng sa moea oa sebele oa Serussia. S. Prokofiev
Lilemo tsa bongoana tsa moqapi oa ka moso li ile tsa feta lelapeng la 'mino. 'Mè oa hae e ne e le sebapali sa piano se hloahloa,' me moshanyana, ha a robala, o ne a atisa ho utloa molumo oa li-sonata tsa L. Beethoven tse tsoang hōle, likamore tse 'maloa hole. Ha Seryozha a le lilemo li 5, o ile a qapa pina ea hae ea pele bakeng sa piano. Ka 1902, S. Taneyev o ile a tloaelana le liphihlelo tsa bana ba hae ba ho qapa, ’me keletsong ea hae, lithuto tsa ho qapa li ile tsa qala ka R. Gliere. Ka 1904-14 Prokofiev o ile a ithuta St. Petersburg Conservatory le N. Rimsky-Korsakov (liletsa), J. Vitols (sebopeho sa 'mino), A. Lyadov (seqapi), A. Esipova (piano).
Litlhahlobong tsa ho qetela, Prokofiev o ile a etsa ka bokhabane Concerto ea hae ea Pele, eo ka eona a ileng a fuoa Khau. A. Rubinstein. Moqapi e mocha ka cheseho o amohela mekhoa e mecha ea ’mino ’me kapele o iphumanela tsela ea hae ea ho ba sebini se iqapetsoeng. Ha a bua e le sebapali sa piano, Prokofiev o ne a atisa ho kenyelletsa mesebetsi ea hae mananeong a hae, e leng se ileng sa baka karabelo e matla ea bamameli.
Ka 1918, Prokofiev o ile a ea United States, a qala ka letoto la maeto a ho ea linaheng tse ling - Fora, Jeremane, Engelane, Italy, Spain. Ka boiteko ba ho hapa bamameli ba lefatše, o fana ka likonsarete haholo, o ngola mesebetsi e meholo - li-operas The Love for Three Oranges (1919), The Fiery Angel (1927); the ballets Steel Leap (1925, e bululetsoeng ke liketsahalo tsa phetohelo Russia), Mora ea lehlasoa (1928), On the Dnieper (1930); mmino wa diletsa.
Mathoasong a 1927 le qetellong ea 1929, Prokofiev o ile a sebetsa ka katleho e kholo Soviet Union. Ka 1927, likonsarete tsa hae li tšoareloa Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, Kyiv le Odessa. “Kamohelo eo Moscow e ileng ea mpha eona e ne e sa tloaeleha. ... Kamohelo ea Leningrad e ile ea chesa le ho feta Moscow, "moqapi o ile a ngola bukeng ea hae ea Autobiography. Qetellong ea 1932 Prokofiev etsa qeto ea ho khutlela naheng ea habo.
Ho tloha bohareng ba 30s. Boqapi ba Prokofiev bo fihla bophahamong ba eona. O etsa e 'ngoe ea mesebetsi ea hae e tsoileng matsoho - ballet "Romeo le Juliet" ka mor'a W. Shakespeare (1936); opera ea lipina tsa metlae ea Betrothal in a Monastery (The Duenna, ka mor'a R. Sheridan - 1940); cantatas "Alexander Nevsky" (1939) le "Toast" (1939); pale ea symphonic ea mongolo oa hae "Peter and the Wolf" e nang le libapali tsa liletsa (1936); Piano ea Botšelela Sonata (1940); potoloho ea likotoana tsa piano "'Mino oa Bana" (1935).
Ka lilemo tse 30-40. 'Mino oa Prokofiev o etsoa ke libini tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa Soviet Union: N. Golovanov, E. Gilels, B. Sofronitsky, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh. Katleho e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea choreography ea Soviet e ne e le setšoantšo sa Juliet, se entsoeng ke G. Ulanova. Lehlabuleng la 1941, dacha e haufi le Moscow, Prokofiev e ne e penta e laetsoeng ke Leningrad Opera le Ballet Theatre. SM Kirov pale ea ballet "Cinderella". Litaba tsa ho qhoma ha ntoa le Jeremane ea bo-fascist le liketsahalo tse bohloko tse ileng tsa latela li ile tsa baka ts'ebetso e ncha ea pōpo ho moqapi. O theha opera e kholo ea bahale ba ratang naha ea "Ntoa le Khotso" e thehiloeng bukeng ea L. Tolstoy (1943), mme o sebetsa le motsamaisi S. Eisenstein filiming ea nalane ea "Ivan the Terrible" (1942). Litšoantšo tse tšoenyang, lipontšo tsa liketsahalo tsa sesole, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, takatso e matla le matla ke litšobotsi tsa' mino oa Seventh Piano Sonata (1942). Kholiseho e khōlō e fumanoa bukeng ea Fifth Symphony (1944), eo ho eona moqapi, ka mantsoe a hae, a neng a batla “ho bina ka motho ea lokolohileng le ea thabileng, matla a hae a maholo, bokhabane ba hae, bohloeki ba hae ba moea.”
Nakong ea ka mor'a ntoa, ho sa tsotellehe ho kula ho tebileng, Prokofiev o ile a etsa mesebetsi e mengata ea bohlokoa: li-symphonies tsa Botšelela (1947) le Seventh (1952), Piano Sonata ea Borobong (1947), khatiso e ncha ea opera ea Ntoa le Khotso (1952). , Cello Sonata (1949) le Symphony Concerto bakeng sa cello le 'mino oa liletsa (1952). Qetellong ea lilemo tsa bo-40 - pele ho lilemo tse 50. li ile tsa koaheloa ke matšolo a lerata khahlanong le tataiso ea "ba khahlanong le naha" litšoantšong tsa Soviet Union, ho hlorisoa ha baemeli ba eona ba bangata ba hloahloa. Prokofiev e ile ea e-ba e mong oa baetsi ba sehlooho ba 'mino. Ho nyelisoa ha 'mino oa hae phatlalatsa ka 1948 ho ile ha mpefatsa bophelo ba moqapi.
Prokofiev o qetile lilemo tsa ho qetela tsa bophelo ba hae a le dacha motseng oa Nikolina Gora har'a tlhaho ea Serussia eo a neng ae rata, o ile a tsoela pele ho ngola a sa khaotse, a tlōla lithibelo tsa lingaka. Maemo a thata a bophelo le ’ona a ile a ama boqapi. Hammoho le mesebetsi e tsoileng matsoho ea 'nete, har'a mesebetsi ea lilemong tsa morao tjena ho na le mesebetsi ea "maikutlo a bonolo" - tlhaloso "Kopano ea Volga le Don" (1951), oratorio "On Guard of the World" (1950), the suite "Winter Bonfire" (1950), maqephe a mang a ballet "Tale about a stone flower" (1950), Seventh Symphony. Prokofiev o ile a shoa ka letsatsi le le leng le Stalin, 'me ho arohana le moqapi e moholo oa Lerussia leetong la hae la ho qetela ho ile ha patoa ke thabo e tloaelehileng mabapi le lepato la moeta-pele e moholo oa lichaba.
Setaele sa Prokofiev, seo mosebetsi oa sona o akaretsang lilemo tse 4 le halofo tsa lekholo la bo XNUMX la merusu, se bile le phetoho e kholo haholo. Prokofiev o ile a bula tsela bakeng sa 'mino o mocha oa lekholong la rona la lilemo, hammoho le baqapi ba bang ba mathoasong a lekholo la lilemo - C. Debussy. B. Bartok, A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, baqapi ba sekolo sa Novovensk. O ile a kenela bonono e le mofenyi ea sebete oa li-canon tsa morao-rao tsa Romantic art ka boqhetseke bo makatsang. Ka tsela e ikhethang ho nts'etsapele litloaelo tsa M. Mussorgsky, A. Borodin, Prokofiev o tlisitse 'mino matla a sa laoleheng, tlhaselo, matla, bocha ba matla a pele, a nkoang e le "barbarism" ("Obsession" le Toccata bakeng sa piano, "Sarcasms"; symphonic "Scythian Suite" ho latela ballet "Ala le Lolly"; Likhonsarete tsa Piano tsa Pele le tsa Bobeli). 'Mino oa Prokofiev o lumellana le mekhoa e mecha ea libini tse ling tsa Russia, liroki, baetsi ba litšoantšo, basebetsi ba lipapali. "Sergey Sergeevich o bapala ka methapo e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ea Vladimir Vladimirovich," V. Mayakovsky o ile a bua ka e 'ngoe ea lipapali tsa Prokofiev. Papiso e monate le e monate ea motse oa Russia ka prism ea aesthetics e ntle ke tšobotsi ea ballet "Tale of the Jester Who Cheated on Supa Jesters" (e thehiloeng litšōmong tse tsoang pokellong ea A. Afanasyev). Ha ho bapisoa seoelo ka nako eo lyricism; ka Prokofiev, ha a na maikutlo a maikutlo le maikutlo - o lihlong, o bonolo, o bonolo ("Fleeting", "Tales of an Old Nkhono" bakeng sa piano).
Khanya, variegation, polelo e ntseng e eketseha ke tse tloaelehileng tsa mokhoa oa linaheng tse ling tse leshome le metso e mehlano. Ena ke opera "Lerato la Li-Orange tse tharo", ho phatloha ka thabo, ka cheseho, e thehiloeng pale ea K. Gozzi ("khalase ea champagne", ho ea ka A. Lunacharsky); Concerto e ntle ea Boraro e nang le khatello e matla ea enjene, e hlahisitsoeng ke pina e monate ea phala ea qalong ea karolo ea 1, pina e matla ea e 'ngoe ea liphapang tsa karolo ea bobeli (2-1917); tsitsipano ea maikutlo a matla "Lengeloi la Mollo" (e thehiloeng bukeng ea V. Bryusov); matla a mohale le boholo ba Second Symphony (21); "Cubist" ea litoropo ea "Steel lope"; Introspection ea pina ea "Mehopolo" (1924) le "Lintho ka Botsona" (1934) bakeng sa piano. Nako ea mokhoa oa 1928-30s. e tšoauoa ka boithibo bo bohlale bo tsoetsoeng ke kholo, bo kopantsoeng le botebo le mobu oa naha oa likhopolo tsa bonono. Moqapi o loanela ho ba le mehopolo ea batho le lihlooho tsa bokahohleng, ho akaretsa litšoantšo tsa nalane, libapali tsa 'mino tse khanyang, tsa' mino tse hlakileng. Mokhoa ona oa boqapi o ile oa teba ka ho khetheha lilemong tsa bo-40. mabapi le mahlomola a ileng a hlahela batho ba Soviet Union nakong ea lilemo tsa ntoa. Ho senoloa ha litekanyetso tsa moea oa motho, kakaretso e tebileng ea bonono e fetoha tabatabelo e kholo ea Prokofiev: "Ke na le kholiseho ea hore moqapi, joalo ka seroki, moetsi oa litšoantšo, moetsi oa litšoantšo, o bitselitsoe ho sebeletsa motho le batho. E lokela ho bina ka bophelo ba motho le ho isa motho bokamosong bo khanyang. Joalo, ho ea ka pono ea ka, ke khoutu e sa sisinyeheng ea bonono.
Prokofiev o siile lefa le leholo la pōpo - li-operas tse 8; li-ballet tse 7; 7 li-symphonies; li-sonata tse 9 tsa piano; Likhonsarete tse 5 tsa piano (tseo ea Bone e leng ea letsoho le letšehali); 2 violin, 2 cello concertos (Bobeli - Symphony-khonsarete); 6 cantatas; oratorio; Li-suites tse 2 tsa mantsoe le tsa symphonic; likotoana tse ngata tsa piano; likotoana tsa 'mino oa liletsa (ho akarelletsa le Russia Overture, Symphonic Song, Ode ho ea qetellong ea Ntoa, 2 Pushkin Waltzes); chamber works (Overture on Sejuda themes for clarinet, piano and string quartet; Quintet for oboe, clarinet, violin, viola le double bass; quartet ea likhoele tse 2; li-sonata tse 2 bakeng sa fiolo le piano; Sonata bakeng sa cello le piano; palo ea lipina tsa lipina tsa mantsoe bakeng sa mantsoe A. Akhmatova, K. Balmont, A. Pushkin, N. Agnivtsev le ba bang).
Pōpo Prokofiev ile a fumana kananelo lefatšeng ka bophara. Bohlokoa bo sa feleng ba 'mino oa hae bo itšetlehile ka ho fana ha hae le mosa, boitlamo ba hae ho likhopolo tse phahameng tsa botho, letlotlong la pontšo ea bonono ea mesebetsi ea hae.
Y. Kholopov
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