Timbre |
French timbre, english timbre, Sejeremane Klangfarbe
'Mala oa molumo; e 'ngoe ea matšoao a molumo oa' mino (hammoho le sekontiri se phahameng, lerata le bolelele ba nako), eo melumo ea bophahamo bo tšoanang le lerata le phahameng e khetholloang, empa e etsoa ka liletsa tse fapaneng, ka mantsoe a fapaneng kapa ka seletsa se le seng, empa ka litsela tse fapaneng; lichapo. Timbre e khethoa ke thepa eo mohloli oa molumo o entsoeng ho eona - vibrator ea seletsa sa 'mino, le sebōpeho sa eona (likhoele, lithupa, lirekoto, joalo-joalo), hammoho le resonator (li-piano decks, violin, litloloko tsa terompeta, joalo-joalo); timbre e susumetsoa ke li-acoustics tsa kamore - litšoaneleho tsa makhetlo a mangata a ho monya, ho bonahatsa libaka, ho khutlela morao, joalo-joalo. T. e khetholloa ke palo ea li-overtones ho hlophisoa ha molumo, karo-karolelano ea bona ka bolelele, molumo, lerata le holimo; motsotso oa pele oa ketsahalo ea molumo - tlhaselo (e bohale, e boreleli, e bonolo), liforomo - libaka tsa melumo e ntlafalitsoeng ea karolo ea molumo, vibrato, le lintlha tse ling. T. e boetse e itšetlehile ka kakaretso ea molumo oa molumo, ho rejisetara - e phahameng kapa e tlaase, ho li-beats pakeng tsa melumo. Momameli o khetholla T. Ch. arr. ka thuso ea liemeli tse kopanetsoeng - bapisa boleng bona ba molumo le maikutlo a eona a bonahalang, a tactile, a monate, joalo-joalo. lintho, liketsahalo le likamano tsa tsona (melumo e khanyang, e khanyang, e lerootho, e lerootho, e futhumetseng, e batang, e tebileng, e tletse, e bohale, e bonolo, e tletse, e lero, ea tšepe, ea khalase, joalo-joalo); Litlhaloso tsa kutlo (tse buuoang, tse sa utloeng litsebeng) ha li sebelisoe hangata. T. e ama haholo molumo oa lentsoe. tlhaloso ea molumo (melumo e tlaase e nang le palo e nyenyane ea li-overtones mabapi le molumo hangata e bonahala e sa hlaka), bokhoni ba molumo oa ho hasana ka kamoreng (tšusumetso ea liforomo), ho utloahala ha liluma-nosi le liluma-'moho mosebetsing oa lentsoe.
Mofuta o thehiloeng ho bopaki T. mus. melumo ha e so sebetse. Ho thehiloe hore kutlo ea timbre e na le tlhaho ea libaka, ke hore, ka kutloisiso ea melumo ka molumo o tšoanang o tloaelehileng, mohlala. Molumo oa violin o lumellana le sehlopha sohle sa melumo e fapaneng hanyane ka sebopeho (sheba Zone). T. ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa 'mino. boitlhaloso. Ka thuso ea T., karolo e le 'ngoe kapa e' ngoe ea li-muses e ka khetholloa. ka kakaretso - mololi, bass, chord, ho fa karolo ena tšobotsi, moelelo o khethehileng oa ts'ebetso ka kakaretso, ho arola lipolelo kapa likarolo ho tloha ho tse ling - ho matlafatsa kapa ho fokolisa liphapang, ho hatisa ho tšoana kapa ho se tšoane ha mokhoa oa ntshetsopele ya sehlahiswa; baqapi ba sebelisa motsoako oa molumo (timbre harmony), liphetoho, motsamao, le nts'etsopele ea molumo (timbre dramaturgy). Ho batla lithane tse ncha le metsoako ea tsona (sehlopheng sa 'mino oa liletsa, liletsa) ho ntse ho tsoela pele, ho ntse ho etsoa liletsa tsa 'mino tsa motlakase, hammoho le li-synthesizers tse etsang hore ho khonehe ho fumana lithane tse ncha. Sonoristics e fetohile tataiso e khethehileng tšebelisong ea lithane.
Ketsahalo ea tekanyo ea tlhaho e le e 'ngoe ea physico-acoustic. metheo T. e bile le tšusumetso e matla ho nts'etsopele ea kutloano e le mokhoa oa 'mino. ho hlahisa maikutlo; ka lehlakoreng le leng, lekholong la bo20 la lilemo. ho na le tšekamelo e hlokomelehang ka ho lumellana ho matlafatsa lehlakore la molumo (li-parallelism tse fapa-fapaneng, mohlala, li-triad tse kholo, lihlopha tsa sebopeho, lihlopha, mohlala oa molumo oa litloloko, joalo-joalo). Khopolo ea 'mino e le ho hlalosa likarolo tse' maloa tsa mokhatlo oa li-muses. puo e fetohile ka makhetlo a mangata ho T. Ka T. ka tsela e 'ngoe kapa e' ngoe, ho batla limusiamo ho hokahane. tunings (Pythagoras, D. Tsarlino, A. Werkmeister le ba bang), litlhaloso tsa mekhoa ea 'mino ea modal-harmonic le ea modal-functional (JF Rameau, X. Riemann, F. Gevart, GL Catoire, P. Hindemith le ba bang .bafuputsi . ).
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Yu. N. Rags
